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Research Publications

An Exploratory, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Dipraglurant for Blepharospasm. Kilic-Berkmen G, Kim H, Chen D, Yeo CI, Dinasarapu AR, Scorr LM, Yeo WH, Peterson DA, Williams H, Ruby A, Mills R, Jinnah HA. Mov Disord. 2024 Feb 3. doi: 10.1002/mds.29734. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38310362.

Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia (involuntary muscle twitching) which affects the muscles surrounding both eyes, causing forced blinking, eye irritation, and involuntary closure of the eyes. Although blepharospasm can be treated with a medication called botulinum toxin, outcomes are often inconsistent.

In this study, researchers conducted an exploratory, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of the oral drug dipraglurant for blepharospasm. Fifteen individuals with blepharospasm received either a placebo or dipraglurant. The team used multiple scales rated by clinicians or participants, digital video, and a wearable sensor to assess outcomes.

Results show that although dipraglurant was well tolerated in study participants, it did not produce an obvious benefit. Authors note that these results provide valuable information for planning future trials in blepharospasm.

Anatomical categorization of isolated non-focal dystonia: novel and existing patterns using a data-driven approach. Younce JR, Cascella RH, Berman BD, Jinnah HA, Bellows S, Feuerstein J, Wagle Shukla A, Mahajan A, Chang FCF, Duque KR, Reich S, Richardson SP, Deik A, Stover N, Luna JM, Norris SA. Dystonia. 2023;2:11305. doi: 10.3389/dyst.2023.11305. Epub 2023 Jun 8. PMID: 37920445; PMCID: PMC10621194

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures, movements, and pain. Any region of the body can be involved, either in isolation or in combination with another region of the body. Although accurate classification of these combinations is important to providing care, it can sometimes be inconsistent.

In this study, researchers used a data-driven clustering approach to investigate which combinations are most common in dystonia. The team analyzed 1,618 participants with isolated non-focal dystonia from the Dystonia Coalition database to explore which body regions were affected together.

Results reinforce common patterns in cranial and cervical regions. However, findings also show unexpectedly strong associations between bilateral upper or lower limbs, revealing new patterns that may represent an underrecognized dystonia subtype.

Assessing the Severity of Cervical Dystonia: Ask the Doctor or Ask the Patient. Cotton AC, Scorr L, McDonald W, Comella C, Perlmutter JS, Goetz CG, Jankovic J, Marsh L, Factor S, Jinnah HA. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2023 Aug 3;10(9):1399-1403. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.13827. PMID: 37772296; PMCID: PMC10525044

Cervical dystonia is a rare, often painful, movement disorder associated with characteristic sustained or jerky involuntary muscle contractions of the neck. The severity of cervical dystonia can be assessed using either clinician-rated scales (CRS) or patient-rated outcome (PRO) tools. However, these two measures are often poorly correlated.   

In this study, researchers aimed to determine if the correlation between a CRS and PRO for the movement disorder of cervical dystonia improves by accounting for non-movement features. The team evaluated 209 patients with cervical dystonia using a CRS and a PRO.

The results revealed a weak correlation between the two measures, even when considering only the movement. However, the correlation improved with a model that included non-motor symptoms of pain, depression, and disability. These results suggest that assessing the movement disorder with a PRO should also include assessments of non-motor symptoms that may contribute to the patient’s perception of the disorder. Findings may apply to other disorders, especially those with frequent non-motor co-morbidities.

Determinants of gait dystonia severity in cerebral palsy. Aravamuthan BR, Pearson TS, Ueda K, Miao H, Zerafati-Jahromi G, Gilbert L, Comella C, Perlmutter JS. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2023 Jul;65(7):968-977. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15524. Epub 2023 Jan 26.

Interrater reliability of motor severity scales for hemifacial spasm. Lee HY, Park I, Luu MP, Zhao J, Vu JP, Cisneros E, Berman BD, Jinnah HA, Kim HJ, Liu CY, Perlmutter JS, Richardson SP, Weissbach A, Stebbins GT, Peterson DA. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2023 Oct;130(10):1269-1279. doi: 10.1007/s00702-023-02667-w. Epub 2023 Jul 19.

Longitudinal predictors of health-related quality of life in isolated dystonia. Junker J, Hall J, Berman BD, Vidailhet M, Roze E, Bäumer T, Malaty IA, Shukla AW, Jankovic J, Reich SG, Espay AJ, Duque KR, Patel N, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA; Dystonia Coalition Study Group; Brandt V, Brüggemann N. J Neurol. 2023 Oct 15. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-12022-4. Online ahead of print.

Pain Reduction in Cervical Dystonia Following Treatment with IncobotulinumtoxinA: A Pooled Analysis. Albanese A, Wissel J, Jost WH, Castagna A, Althaus M, Comes G, Scheschonka A, Vacchelli M, Jinnah HA. Toxins (Basel). 2023 May 12;15(5):333. doi: 10.3390/toxins15050333.

Suitability of Automated Writing Measures for Clinical Trial Outcome in Writer's Cramp. Bukhari-Parlakturk N, Lutz MW, Al-Khalidi HR, Unnithan S, Wang JE, Scott B, Termsarasab P, Appelbaum LG, Calakos N. Mov Disord. 2023 Jan;38(1):123-132. doi: 10.1002/mds.29237. Epub 2022 Oct 13.

Thyroid disease in cervical dystonia. Kilic-Berkmen G, Scorr L, Rosen A, Wu E, Freeman A, Silver M, Hanfelt J, Jinnah HA. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2023 Feb;107:105274. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.105274. Epub 2022 Dec 30. PMID: 36621155.

What Is Hemidystonia. Vizcarra JA, Jinnah HA. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2023 Feb 3;10(3):477-481. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.13659. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Abnormalities of neural stem cells in Lesch-Nyhan disease. Dinasarapu AR, Sutcliffe DJ, Seifar F, Visser JE, Jinnah HA. J Neurogenet. 2022 Mar-Jun;36(2-3):81-87. doi: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2129632. Epub 2022 Oct 13.

Bidding for a Grateful Patient. Perlmutter JS. Narrat Inq Bioeth. 2022;12(1):7-9. doi: 10.1353/nib.2022.0003.

Clinical Features and Evolution of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter International Cohort and Systematic Literature Review. Scorr LM, Cho HJ, Kilic-Berkmen G, McKay JL, Hallett M, Klein C, Baumer T, Berman BD, Feuerstein JS, Perlmutter JS, Berardelli A, Ferrazzano G, Wagle-Shukla A, Malaty IA, Jankovic J, Bellows ST, Barbano RL, Vidailhet M, Roze E, Bonnet C, Mahajan A, LeDoux MS, Fung VSC, Chang FCF, Defazio G, Ercoli T, Factor S, Wojno T, Jinnah HA. Dystonia. 2022;1:10359. doi: 10.3389/dyst.2022.10359. Epub 2022 May 16.

Clinical and Structural Findings in Patients With Lesion-Induced Dystonia: Descriptive and Quantitative Analysis of Published Cases. Corp DT, Greenwood CJ, Morrison-Ham J, Pullinen J, McDowall GM, Younger EFP, Jinnah HA, Fox MD, Joutsa J. Neurology. 2022 Nov 1;99(18):e1957-e1967. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201042. Epub 2022 Aug 17.

Clinical features, pathophysiology, treatment, and controversies of tremor in dystonia. Panyakaew P, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. J Neurol Sci. 2022 Apr 15;435:120199. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120199. Epub 2022 Feb 22. PMID: 35259651.

Dystonia is a general term for a group of movement disorders characterized by uncontrollable, sometimes painful, involuntary muscle contractions, resulting in repetitive shaking, turning, and twisting of affected body parts. Dystonia is a rare disorder, but it often coexists with a more common disorder, tremor. The reasons for the frequent co-occurrence of dystonia and tremor are not clear. In this review article, researchers outline the differences in definitions, subtypes, and pathophysiology of dystonia and tremor. They outline some controversial topics, such as whether these two problems share a similar pathophysiology.

Correlating perceptual voice quality in ADSD with computer vision assessment of glottal geometry dynamics. Peterson QA, Fei T, Sy LE, Froeschke LLO, Mendelsohn AH, Berke GS, Peterson DA. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022 Oct 17;65(10):3695-3708. doi: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00053. Epub 2022 Sep 21.

Diagnosis and classification of blepharospasm: Recommendations based on empirical evidence. Kilic-Berkmen G, Defazio G, Hallett M, Berardelli A, Ferrazzano G, Belvisi D, Klein C, Bäumer T, Weissbach A, Perlmutter JS, Feuerstein J, Jinnah HA; Dystonia Coalition Investigators. J Neurol Sci. 2022 Aug 15;439:120319. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120319. Epub 2022 Jun 10. PMID: 35716653; PMCID: PMC9357089.

Blepharospasm is a rare disorder characterized by spasms of muscles surrounding both eyes with excessive blinking and squinting. It is the second most common form of dystonia (involuntary muscle twitching) and often spreads to other regions of the body. Currently, guidelines for diagnosis and classification are ambiguous. In this study, researchers aimed to provide more specific recommendations for diagnosis and classification of blepharospasm. Data were obtained from the Dystonia Coalition for patients diagnosed with all types of isolated dystonia. The team evaluated these data to determine how examinations recorded by movement disorder specialists were used to classify blepharospasm as focal, segmental, or multifocal. Results showed much variability in expert opinion regarding the diagnosis of blepharospasm, which was often inconsistent with existing guidelines for the diagnosis and classification of focal blepharospasm. This study highlights the need for more specific guidelines, which are provided in the publication.

Differentiating tardive dyskinesia: a video-based review of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in clinical practice. Hauser RA, Meyer JM, Factor SA, Comella CL, Tanner CM, Xavier RM, Caroff SN, Lundt L. CNS Spectr. 2022 Apr;27(2):208-217. doi: 10.1017/S109285292000200X. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

From null to midline: changes in head posture do not predictably change head tremor in cervical dystonia. Vu JP, Cisneros E, Zhao J, Lee HY, Jankovic J, Factor SA, Goetz CG, Barbano RL, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Richardson SP, Stebbins GT, Elble RJ, Comella CL, Peterson DA. Dystonia. 2022;1:10684. doi: 10.3389/dyst.2022.10684. Epub 2022 Sep 1.

Head tremor in cervical dystonia: Quantifying severity with computer vision. Vu JP, Cisneros E, Lee HY, Le L, Chen Q, Guo XA, Rouzbehani R, Jankovic J, Factor S, Goetz CG, Barbano RL, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Pirio Richardson S, Stebbins GT, Elble R, Comella CL, Peterson DA. J Neurol Sci. 2022 Mar 15;434:120154. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120154. Epub 2022 Jan 22.

Hold that pose: capturing cervical dystonia's head deviation severity from video. Zhang Z, Cisneros E, Lee HY, Vu JP, Chen Q, Benadof CN, Whitehill J, Rouzbehani R, Sy DT, Huang JS, Sejnowski TJ, Jankovic J, Factor S, Goetz CG, Barbano RL, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Berman BD, Richardson SP, Stebbins GT, Comella CL, Peterson DA. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022 Mar 25. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51549. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35333449.

Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder resulting in characteristic, sustained, or tremor-like involuntary muscle contractions of the neck. It is characterized by excessive pulling of the muscles of the neck and shoulder, which causes the head to turn or tilt involuntarily. Typically, head posture severity is quantified with clinical rating scales that are susceptible to variability, reducing their sensitivity as outcome measures. Previously used objective methods require specialized equipment and have been limited to studies with a small number of cases. In this study, researchers evaluated a novel software system—the Computational Motor Objective Rater (CMOR)—to quantify multi-axis directionality and severity of head posture in CD using only conventional video camera recordings. They found that CMOR’s metrics for head posture severity correlated with clinical rating scales. Authors note that CMOR’s reliance upon only conventional video recordings supports its future potential for large-scale multisite clinical trials.

Measurement Properties of Clinical Scales Rating the Severity of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter Observational Study. Defazio G, Hallett M, Berardelli A, Perlmutter JS, Berman BD, Jankovic J, Bäumer T, Comella C, Ercoli T, Ferrazzano G, Fox SH, Kim HJ, Moukheiber ES, Pirio Richardson S, Weissbach A, Gigante AF, Jinnah HA. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2022 Aug 15;9(7):949-955. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.13530. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Microstructural white matter abnormalities in Lesch-Nyhan disease. Del Bene VA, Crawford JL, Gómez-Gastiasoro A, Vannorsdall TD, Buchholz A, Ojeda N, Harris JC, Jinnah HA, Schretlen DJ. Eur J Neurosci. 2022 Jan;55(1):264-276. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15512. Epub 2021 Dec 6.

Motor and psychiatric features in idiopathic blepharospasm: A data-driven cluster analysis. Defazio G, Gigante AF, Hallett M, Berardelli A, Perlmutter JS, Berman BD, Jankovic J, Bäumer T, Comella C, Ercoli T, Ferrazzano G, Fox SH, Kim HJ, Moukheiber ES, Richardson SP, Weissbach A, Jinnah HA.. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2022 Nov;104:94-98. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.10.008. Epub 2022 Oct 13.

Protracted course progressive supranuclear palsy. Couto B, Martinez-Valbuena I, Lee S, Alfradique-Dunham I, Perrin RJ, Perlmutter JS, Cruchaga C, Kim A, Visanji N, Sato C, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Kovacs GG. Eur J Neurol. 2022 Aug;29(8):2220-2231. doi: 10.1111/ene.15346. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Reid EW. Reid EW, Nobriga CV. Clin Linguist Phon. 2022 Jul 12:1-16. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2022.2096483. Online ahead of print.

The apparent paradox of phenotypic diversity and shared mechanisms across dystonia syndromes. Di Fonzo A, Albanese A, Jinnah HA. Curr Opin Neurol. 2022 Aug 1;35(4):502-509. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001076. Epub 2022 Jul 5. PMID: 35856917; PMCID: PMC9309988.

The dystonias are a group of movement disorders characterized by uncontrollable, sometimes painful, involuntary muscle contractions, resulting in repetitive shaking, turning, and twisting of affected body parts. As new genetic causes continue to be discovered, researchers have found that these different genetic forms share unexpectedly common underlying mechanisms. In this review article, authors explore the phenotypic diversity and shared mechanisms across dystonia syndromes. They also describe how these mechanisms can give rise to motor performance dysfunctions with a clinical aspect of dystonia. Authors state that this relationship between dystonia genes could revolutionize current dystonia classification systems. In the future, these advances could have promising effects on mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.

Uric Acid in Parkinson's Disease: What Is the Connection?. Seifar F, Dinasarapu AR, Jinnah HA.. Mov Disord. 2022 Nov;37(11):2173-2183. doi: 10.1002/mds.29209. Epub 2022 Sep 3.

A Multi-center Genome-wide Association Study of Cervical Dystonia. Sun YV, Li C, Hui Q, Huang Y, Barbano R, Rodriguez R, Malaty IA, Reich S, Bambarger K, Holmes K, Jankovic J, Patel NJ, Roze E, Vidailhet M, Berman BD, LeDoux MS, Espay AJ, Agarwal P, Pirio-Richardson S, Frank SA, Ondo WG, Saunders-Pullman R, Chouinard S, Natividad S, Berardelli A, Pantelyat AY, Brashear A, Fox SH, Kasten M, Krämer UM, Neis M, Bäumer T, Loens S, Borsche M, Zittel S, Maurer A, Gelderblom M, Volkmann J, Odorfer T, Kühn AA, Borngräber F, König IR, Cruchaga C, Cotton AC, Kilic-Berkmen G, Freeman A, Factor SA, Scorr L, Bremner JD, Vaccarino V, Quyyumi AA, Klein C, Perlmutter JS, Lohmann K, Jinnah HA. Mov Disord. 2021 Jul 28. doi: 10.1002/mds.28732. Online ahead of print.

Cervical dystonia is a painful condition in which a patient’s neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing the head to twist or turn to one side. In this multi-center international study, researchers conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) using samples from the Dystonia Coalition Biorepository. They compared 919 cervical dystonia patients with 1491 controls, seeking to identify genetic loci—fixed positions on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located—related to the disorder. They identified one genome-wide significant variant that was however not replicated in an independent sample of 473 cervical dystonia cases and 481 controls. Gene-based analysis identified DENND1A to be significantly associated with cervical dystonia. One low-frequency variant located within the GABBR2 gene on chromosome 9 was associated with lower age-at-onset. Authors concluded that the genetic underpinnings of cervical dystonia are heterogeneous and likely consist of multiple distinct variants of small effect sizes, rather than one gene that is responsible for many cases. Larger GWAS sample sizes may be needed to understand the genetic causes of cervical dystonia.

Cervical Dystonia Is Associated with Aberrant Inhibitory Signaling Within the Thalamus. Groth CL, Brown M, Honce JM et al. Front Neurol. 2021; 11: 575879. PMCID: PMC7900407.

Current Guidelines for Classifying and Diagnosing Cervical Dystonia: Empirical Evidence and Recommendations. Kilic-Berkmen G, Pirio Richardson S, Perlmutter JS et al. MDCP, Nov 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.13376. PMCID: in progress.

Deep brain stimulation in Lesch-Nyhan disease: outcomes from the patient's perspective. Visser JE, Cotton AC, Schretlen DJ, Bloch J, Tedroff K, Schechtmann G, Radu Djurfeldt D, Gonzalez V, Cif L, Jinnah HA. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 Mar 10. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14852. Online ahead of print.

Diagnostic criteria for blepharospasm: A multicenter international study. Defazio G, Jinnah HA, Berardelli A, Perlmutter JS, Berkmen GK, Berman BD, Jankovic J, Bäumer T, Comella C, Cotton AC, Ercoli T, Ferrazzano G, Fox S, Kim HJ, Moukheiber ES, Richardson SP, Weissbach A, Wrigth LJ, Hallett M. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021 Oct;91:109-114. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.004. Epub 2021 Sep 8. PMID: 34583301.

Blepharospasm (BSP) is a form of focal dystonia that manifests with eyelid spasms, involuntary eyelid closures, and spontaneous blinking. To date, there are no widely accepted criteria to diagnose BSP. In this study, researchers validate the use of new diagnostic criteria for BSP in a diverse international population. “This was a huge, multicenter effort aimed at establishing internationally acceptable diagnostic criteria for BSP,” says H. A. Jinnah, MD, PhD, principal investigator of the DC. “Such criteria did not exist before. What we do in the USA with RDCRN funding must ultimately go to the rest of the world.”

Distinct progression patterns across Parkinson disease clinical subtypes. Myers PS, Jackson JJ, Clover AK, Lessov-Schlaggar CN, Foster ER, Maiti B, Perlmutter JS, Campbell MC. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2021 Aug;8(8):1695-1708. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51436. Epub 2021 Jul 26.

Does raising the arms modify head tremor severity in cervical dystonia?. Cisneros E, Vu JP, Lee HY et al. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 2021. doi: 10.5334/tohm.623. PMCID: PMC8231450.

Dystonia and Tremor: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Dystonia Coalition Cohort. Shaikh AG, Beylergil SB, Scorr L, Kilic-Berkmen G, Freeman A, Klein C, Junker J, Loens S, Brüggemann N, Münchau A, Bäumer T, Vidailhet M, Roze E, Bonnet C, Jankovic J, Jimenez-Shahed J, Patel N, Marsh L, Comella C, Barbano RL, Berman BD, Malaty I, Wagle Shukla A, Reich SG, Ledoux MS, Berardelli A, Ferrazzano G, Stover N, Ondo W, Pirio Richardson S, Saunders-Pullman R, Mari Z, Agarwal P, Adler C, Chouinard S, Fox SH, Brashear A, Truong D, Suchowersky O, Frank S, Factor S, Perlmutter J, Jinnah HA. Neurology. 2021 Jan 26;96(4):e563-e574. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011049. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Feedback-dependent neuronal properties make focal dystonias so focal. Sedov A, Usova S, Popov V, Tomskiy A, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Apr;53(7):2388-2397. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14933. Epub 2020 Aug 31.

Seeking to better understand the neuron activity responsible for dystonia, researchers tested the hypothesis that focal dystonia (a condition that causes abnormal movements in a single body part) may be associated with specific vs broad neuronal abnormalities. They measured the activity of individual neurons of the basal ganglia during deep brain stimulation surgery in 12 patients with dystonia limited to the neck. They found abnormal neuronal activity for both neck and hand neurons, even though the hand was unaffected. These results imply abnormalities of neuronal activity are not restricted to neurons associated with the affected body region, but appear to be more widespread. Symptoms may appear in only in specific body regions, such as the neck, when a second abnormality is added, such as sensory feedback from the affected region.

Functional Connectivity of Vermis Correlates with Future Gait Impairments in Parkinson's Disease. Maiti B, Rawson KS, Tanenbaum AB, Koller JM, Snyder AZ, Campbell MC, Earhart GM, Perlmutter JS. Mov Disord. 2021 Nov;36(11):2559-2568. doi: 10.1002/mds.28684. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Head tremor and pain in cervical dystonia. Vu JP, Lee HY, Chen Q, Cisneros E, Barbano RL, Goetz CG, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Perlmutter JS, Berman BD, Appelbaum MI, Stebbins GT, Comella CL, Peterson DA. J Neurol. 2021 May;268(5):1945-1950. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10378-5. Epub 2021 Jan 8.

To determine how head tremor and pain are associated with cervical dystonia, researchers undertook a retrospective review of severity and pain rating scales from 188 patients. They examined associations of head trauma and pain with age at onset, disease duration, and head tremor subtype, finding that head tremor severity was associated with longer disease duration while pain severity was associated with younger age at onset. Researchers said these associations further characterize the heterogeneity of cervical dystonia’s clinical presentation and suggest similarly heterogenous underlying mechanisms.

Induced pluripotent stem cells from subjects with Lesch-Nyhan disease. Sutcliffe DJ, Dinasarapu AR, Visser JE, Hoed JD, Seifar F, Joshi P, Ceballos-Picot I, Sardar T, Hess EJ, Sun YV, Wen Z, Zwick ME, Jinnah HA. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 19;11(1):8523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87955-9.

Is Levodopa Response a Valid Indicator of Parkinson's Disease?. Martin WRW, Miles M, Zhong Q, Hartlein J, Racette BA, Norris SA, Ushe M, Maiti B, Criswell S, Davis AA, Kotzbauer PT, Cairns NJ, Perrin RJ, Perlmutter JS. Mov Disord. 2021 Apr;36(4):948-954. doi: 10.1002/mds.28406. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

Neuropathology of blepharospasm. Fagan M, Scorr L, Bernhardt D, Hess EJ, Perlmutter JS, Pardo CA, Jinnah HA. Exp Neurol. 2021 Dec;346:113855. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113855. Epub 2021 Aug 28. PMID: 34464652; PMCID: PMC8490317.

The dystonias are a group of disorders characterized by excessive muscle contractions leading to abnormal repetitive movements or postures. Blepharospasm is a subtype of dystonia characterized by overactive facial muscles. Previous brain imaging studies have implied subtle structural changes in blepharospasm, but the nature of these changes is not well understood. In this study, researchers found subtle loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in histopathological studies of brains from blepharospasm cases. These findings are similar to those reported for subjects with cervical dystonia. “To focus on what we should be looking for in blepharospasm, we used what we learned about cervical dystonia published in 2013 in a prior funding cycle,” says H. A. Jinnah, MD, PhD, principal investigator of the DC. “Thus, the RDCRN strategy of combining similar disorders under the same research umbrella is successful in facilitating both the research questions and methodologies.”

Non-motor phenotypic subgroups in adult-onset idiopathic, isolated, focal cervical dystonia. Megan E Wadon, Grace A Bailey, Zehra Yilmaz, Emily Hubbard, Meshari AlSaeed, Amy Robinson, Duncan McLauchlan, Richard L Barbano, Laura Marsh, Stewart A Factor, Susan H Fox, Charles H Adler, Ramon L Rodriguez, Cynthia L Comella, Stephen G Reich, William L Severt, Christopher G Goetz, Joel S Perlmutter, Hyder A Jinnah, Katharine E Harding, Cynthia Sandor, Kathryn J Peall. Brain and Behavior. 11,e2292. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2292.

Adult-onset idiopathic, isolated, focal cervical dystonia (AOIFCD) is a disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements or abnormal postures. These movements can be painful and cause considerable disability. Although patients most commonly present to clinical services due to their motor symptoms, increasing evidence suggests a significant non-motor phenotype to be associated with most forms of dystonia, including AOIFCD. Improved understanding of these non-motor symptoms is needed to better target therapeutic interventions. In this study, researchers examined non-motor phenotypic features to identify possible AOIFCD subgroups. Non-motor symptoms were assessed in participants with AOIFCD, including psychiatric symptoms, pain, sleep disturbance, and quality of life. To investigate the relationship between these symptoms and determine phenotypic subgroups, researchers used Cluster and Bayesian multiple mixed model phenotype analyses. They identified two phenotypic subgroups of non-motor symptoms accompanying AOIFCD, with differences in psychiatric symptoms, pain catastrophizing, sleep quality, and quality of life. Researchers say that improved understanding of these symptom groups will enable better targeted pathophysiological investigation and future therapeutic intervention.

Oromandibular Dystonia: A Clinical Examination of 2,020 Cases. Scorr LM, Factor FA, Parra SP et al and Jinnah HA for the Dystonia Coalition Investigators. Front Neurol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.700714. PMCID: in progress.

Pallidal neuron activity determines responsiveness to deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia. Sedov A, Popov V, Gamaleya A, Semenova U, Tomskiy A, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132: 3190-3196. PMCID: in progress.

Predictive modeling of spread in adult-onset isolated dystonia: key properties and effect of tremor inclusion. Wang M, Sajobi T, Morgante F, Adler C, Agarwal P, Bäumer T, Berardelli A, Berman BD, Blumin J, Borsche M, Brashear A, Deik A, Duque K, Espay AJ, Ferrazzano G, Feuerstein J, Fox S, Frank S, Hallett M, Jankovic J, LeDoux MS, Leegwater-Kim J, Mahajan A, Malaty IA, Ondo W, Pantelyat A, Pirio-Richardson S, Roze E, Saunders-Pullman R, Suchowersky O, Truong D, Vidailhet M, Shukla AW, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Martino D. European Journal of Neurology. 2021 Dec;28(12):3999-4009. doi: 10.1111/ene.15031. Epub 2021 Aug 4. PMID: 34296504; PMCID: PMC9100858.

Quality of life in isolated dystonia: non-motor manifestations matter. Junker J, Berman BD, Hall J, Wahba DW, Brandt V, Perlmutter JS, Jankovic J, Malaty IA, Wagle Shukla A, Reich SG, Espay AJ, Duque KR, Patel N, Roze E, Vidailhet M, Jinnah HA, Brüggemann N. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021 Feb 9; jnnp-2020-325193. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325193. Online ahead of print. PMCID: PMC8356023.

Rational Design of Novel Therapies for Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. Thakur N, Klopstock T, Jackowski S, Kuscer E, Tricta F, Videnovic A, Jinnah HA. Mov Disord. 2021 Sep;36(9):2005-2016. doi: 10.1002/mds.28642. Epub 2021 May 18.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare autosomal recessive neurogenetic disorder in which specific regions of the central nervous system progressively degenerate, causing progressive, abnormal, involuntary movements. PKAN is caused by genetic variants in the PANK2 gene that result in dysfunction in enzyme activity. This disruption allows iron to accumulate in the brain. Increased understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of the disease has allowed researchers to use these insights to begin designing new therapeutics for the disorder. Study authors review the results of recent clinical trials and pre-clinical studies of several compounds currently being evaluated. They say that these trials have helped improve trial designs and allowed the development of PKAN-specific measures to monitor outcomes. They conclude that PKAN provides a good model for targeted drug development and clinical trial design for rare disorders.

Resting-State Functional Connectivity Predicts STN DBS Clinical Response. Younce JR, Campbell MC, Hershey T, Tanenbaum AB, Milchenko M, Ushe M, Karimi M, Tabbal SD, Kim AE, Snyder AZ, Perlmutter JS, Norris SA. Mov Disord. 2021 Mar;36(3):662-671. doi: 10.1002/mds.28376. Epub 2020 Nov 19.

The Dystonia Coalition: A Multicenter Network for Clinical and Translational Studies. Kilic-Berkmen G, Wright LJ, Perlmutter JS, Comella C, Hallett M, Teller J, Pirio Richardson S, Peterson DA, Cruchaga C, Lungu C, Jinnah HA. Front Neurol. 2021. 8;12:660909. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.660909. PMCID: PMC8060489. [Review]

The emerging neurological spectrum of AARS2-associated disorders. Parra SP, Heckers SH, Wilcox WR, Mcknight CD, Jinnah HA.. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021 Dec;93:50-54. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.10.031. Epub 2021 Nov 10.

A metabolomic study of cervical dystonia. Liu C, Scorr L, Kilic-Berkmen G, Cotton A, Factor SA, Freeman A, Tran V, Liu K, Uppal K, Jones D, Jinnah HA, Sun YV. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021 Jan;82:98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.11.020. Epub 2020 Nov 26. PMID: 33271463; PMCID: PMC7856090.

Cervical dystonia is the most common adult-onset focal dystonia. Researchers currently believe that cervical dystonia may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic factors have been studied extensively, other factors have not. To identify potentially abnormal metabolites or altered biological pathways, researchers conducted an exploratory metabolomics analysis of cervical dystonia. The team compared plasma samples from 100 idiopathic cervical dystonia patients and 100 controls. Results showed that altered biological pathways may relate to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Study authors say this may provide novel insights into the biology of cervical dystonia.

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Upper Limb Dystonia. Norris SA, Jinnah HA, Klein C, Jankovic J, Berman BD, Roze E, Mahajan A, Espay AJ, Murthy AV, Fung VSC, LeDoux MS, Chang FCF, Vidailhet M, Testa C, Barbano R, Malaty IA, Bäumer T, Loens S, Wright LJ, Perlmutter JS. Mov Disord. 2020 Nov;35(11):2086-2090. doi: 10.1002/mds.28223. Epub 2020 Aug 26.

Hemodynamic responses are abnormal in isolated cervical dystonia. Berman BD, Groth CL, Shelton E, Sillau SH, Sutton B, Legget KT, Tregellas JR. J Neurosci Res. 2020 Apr;98(4):692-703. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24547. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

It's tricky: Rating alleviating maneuvers in cervical dystonia. Cisneros E, Stebbins GT, Chen Q, Vu JP, Benadof CN, Zhang Z, Barbano RL, Fox SH, Goetz CG, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Perlmutter JS, Adler CH, Factor SA, Reich SG, Rodriguez R, Severt LL, Stover NP, Berman BD, Comella CL, Peterson DA. J Neurol Sci. 2020 Dec 15;419:117205. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117205. Epub 2020 Nov 1.

Medical and Surgical Treatments for Dystonia. Jinnah HA. Neurol Clin. 2020 May;38(2):325-348. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.01.003. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Pallidal Activity in Cervical Dystonia with and Without Head Tremor. Sedov A, Usova S, Semenova U, Gamaleya A, Tomskiy A, Beylergil SB, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. Cerebellum. 2020 Jun;19(3):409-418. doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01119-5.

Postural Directionality and Head Tremor in Cervical Dystonia. Chen Q, Vu JP, Cisneros E, Benadof CN, Zhang Z, Barbano RL, Goetz CG, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Perlmutter JS, Appelbaum MI, Stebbins GT, Comella CL, Peterson DA. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2020 Jan 20;10. doi: 10.7916/tohm.v0.745. eCollection 2020.

Regional, not global, functional connectivity contributes to isolated focal dystonia. Norris SA, Morris AE, Campbell MC, Karimi M, Adeyemo B, Paniello RC, Snyder AZ, Petersen SE, Mink JW, Perlmutter JS. Neurology. 2020 Oct 20;95(16):e2246-e2258. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010791. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

Risk of spread in adult-onset isolated focal dystonia: a prospective international cohort study. Berman BD, Groth CL, Sillau SH, Pirio Richardson S, Norris SA, Junker J, Brüggemann N, Agarwal P, Barbano RL, Espay AJ, Vizcarra JA, Klein C, Bäumer T, Loens S, Reich SG, Vidailhet M, Bonnet C, Roze E, Jinnah HA, Perlmutter JS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;91(3):314-320. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321794. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

Soft Nanomembrane Sensors and Flexible Hybrid Bioelectronics for Wireless Quantification of Blepharospasm. Mahmood M, Kwon S, Berkmen GK, Kim YS, Scorr L, Jinnah HA, Yeo WH. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2020 Nov;67(11):3094-3100. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2020.2975773. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

The Influence of Linguistic Demand on Symptom Expression in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia. Laura LO Froeschke. Journal of Voice. 2020; 34: 807.e11-807.e21. PMCID: In Progress.

Diagnostic and clinical experience of patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Marshall RD, Collins A, Escolar ML, Jinnah HA, Klopstock T, Kruer MC, Videnovic A, Robichaux-Viehoever A, Burns C, Swett LL, Revicki DA, Bender RH, Lenderking WR.. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2019 Jul 12;14(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1142-1.

Gravity-Independent Upbeat Nystagmus in Syndrome of Anti-GAD Antibodies. Feldman D, Otero-Millan J, Shaikh AG. Cerebellum. 2019 Apr;18(2):287-290. doi: 10.1007/s12311-018-0972-z.

Head tremor at disease onset: an ataxic phenotype of cervical dystonia. Merola A, Dwivedi AK, Shaikh AG, Tareen TK, Da Prat GA, Kauffman MA, Hampf J, Mahajan A, Marsili L, Jankovic J, Comella CL, Berman BD, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Espay AJ. J Neurol. 2019 Aug;266(8):1844-1851. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09341-w. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

Involuntary Thumb Flexion on Neurological Examination: An Unusual Form of Upper Limb Dystonia in the Faroe Islands. Kim CY, Petersen MS, Eliasen EH et al. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2019; 20: 9. PMCID: PMC6702791. [Research Support]

Long-term safety and efficacy of deutetrabenazine for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Fernandez HH, Stamler D, Davis MD, Factor SA, Hauser RA, Jimenez-Shahed J, Ondo WG, Jarskog LF, Woods SW, Bega D, LeDoux MS, Shprecher DR, Anderson KE. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019 Dec;90(12):1317-1323. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319918. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

Naming Genes for Dystonia: DYT-z or Ditzy?. Mencacci NE and Jinnah HA. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2019; 28: 9. PMCID: PMC6714488. [Research Support]

Past and Present of Eye Movement Abnormalities in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Tang SY, Shaikh AG. Cerebellum. 2019 Jun;18(3):556-564. doi: 10.1007/s12311-018-0990-x.

Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus Syndrome Presenting as Catatonia. Witek N, Hebert C, Gera A, Comella C. Psychosomatics. 2019; 60: 83-87. PMCID: In Progress.

Relationship between jerky and sinusoidal oscillations in cervical dystonia. Beylergil SB, Singh AP, Zee DS, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019 Sep;66:130-137. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.07.024. Epub 2019 Jul 20.

Sensory Tricks Are Associated with Higher Sleep-Related Quality of Life in Cervical Dystonia. Benadof CN, Cisneros E, Appelbaum MI, Stebbins GT, Comella CL, Peterson DA. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2019 Jun 17;9. doi: 10.7916/4q53-vt23. eCollection 2019.

Soft Material-Enabled, Active Wireless, Thin-Film Bioelectronics for Quantitative Diagnostics of Cervical Dystonia. Kwon YT, Lee Y, Berkmen GK, Lim HR, Scorr L, Jinnah HA, Yeo WH. Adv Mater Technol. 2019 Oct;4(10):1900458. doi: 10.1002/admt.201900458. Epub 2019 Aug 16.

The Dystonias. Jinnah HA. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2019 Aug;25(4):976-1000. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000747.

The role of pallidum in the neural integrator model of cervical dystonia. Sedov A, Usova S, Semenova U, Gamaleya A, Tomskiy A, Crawford JD, Corneil B, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 May;125:45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.011. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Tremor in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Proof of unifying network model for dystonia. Pyatka N, Sedov A, Walter BL et al. Prog Brain Res. 2019; 249: 285-294. PMCID: In progress.

A strategy for managing flu-like symptoms after botulinum toxin injections. George EB, Cotton AC, Shneyder N, Jinnah HA. J Neurol. 2018 Aug;265(8):1932-1933. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-8934-4. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Abnormal cerebellar processing of the neck proprioceptive information drives dysfunctions in cervical dystonia. Popa T, Hubsch C, James P et al. Nat Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 2263. PMCID: PMC5797249.

Cervical dystonia and substance abuse. Mahajan A, Jankovic J, Marsh L, Patel A, Jinnah HA, Comella C, Barbano R, Perlmutter J, Patel N; members of the Dystonia Coalition. J Neurol. 2018 Apr;265(4):970-975. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-8840-9. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Consensus-Based Attributes for Identifying Patients With Spasmodic Dysphonia and Other Voice Disorders. Ludlow CL, Domangue R, Sharma D, Jinnah HA, Perlmutter JS, Berke G, Sapienza C, Smith ME, Blumin JH, Kalata CE, Blindauer K, Johns M, Hapner E, Harmon A, Paniello R, Adler CH, Crujido L, Lott DG, Bansberg SF, Barone N, Drulia T, Stebbins G. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Aug 1;144(8):657-665. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.0644.

Dysfunction in emotion processing underlies functional (psychogenic) dystonia. Espay AJ, Maloney T, Vannest J et al. Mov Disord. 2018; 33: 136-145. PMCID: PMC5767134.

Effects of deep brain stimulation on eye movements and vestibular function. Shaikh AG, Antoniades C, Fitzgerald J et al. Front Neurol. 2018; 9: 444. PMCID: PMC6005881.

Evolving concepts in the pathogenesis of dystonia. Jinnah HA, Hess EJ. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018 Jan;46 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S62-S65. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.08.001. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

Expert Opinion vs Patient Perspective in Treatment of Rare Disorders: Tooth Removal in Lesch-Nyhan Disease as an Example. Cotton AC, Bell RB, Jinnah HA. JIMD Rep. 2018;41:25-27. doi: 10.1007/8904_2017_80. Epub 2017 Dec 15.

Eye movement research in the twenty-first century-a window to the brain, mind, and more. Shaikh AG, Zee DS. Cerebellum. 2018; 17: 252-258. [Review] 

Functional imaging in dystonia. Norris SA, Perlmutter JS. In Treatment of Dystonia, ed Dressler, Altenmuller, & Krauss, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, June 2018, ISBN: 9781107132863. [Chapter]

In Vivo Characterization of Two (18)F-Labeled PDE10A PET Radioligands in Nonhuman Primate Brains. Liu H, Jin H, Luo Z, Yue X, Zhang X, Flores H, Su Y, Perlmutter JS, Tu Z. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2018 May 16;9(5):1066-1073. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00458. Epub 2018 Feb 19.

Longitudinal studies of botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia: Why do patients discontinue therapy?. Jinnah HA, Comella CL, Perlmutter J, Lungu C, Hallett M; Dystonia Coalition Investigators. Toxicon. 2018 Jun 1;147:89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Minimal clinically important change in the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale. Espay AJ, Trosch R, Suarez G et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018; 52: 94-97. PMCID: In Progress.

Paraneoplastic seesaw nystagmus and opsoclonus provides evidence for hyperexcitable reciprocally innervating mesencephalic network. Rizvi MT, Cameron L, Kilbane C, Shaikh AG. J Neurol Sci. 2018 Jul 15;390:239-245. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 May 3.

Pharyngeal Dystonia Mimicking Spasmodic Dysphonia. Shi LL, Simpson CB, Hapner ER, Jinnah HA, Johns MM 3rd. J Voice. 2018 Mar;32(2):234-238. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 Jun 23.

Physiological effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery in cervical dystonia. Wagle Shukla A, Ostrem JL, Vaillancourt DE et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018; 89: 1296-1300. PMCID: PMC7498178.

Pilot Single-Blind Trial of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Oromandibular Dystonia. Scorr LM, Silver MR, Hanfelt J, Sperin E, Freeman A, Jinnah HA, Factor SA. Neurotherapeutics. 2018 Apr;15(2):452-458. doi: 10.1007/s13311-018-0620-9.

Predictors of alcohol responsiveness in dystonia. Junker J, Brandt V, BD B, Vidailhet M et al. Neurology 2018; 91: 2020-2026. PMCID: PMC6260199.

Quantitative, clinically relevant acoustic measurements of focal embouchure dystonia. Morris AE, Norris SA, Perlmutter JS, Mink JW. Mov Disord. 2018 Mar;33(3):449-458. doi: 10.1002/mds.27298. Epub 2018 Feb 20.

The motor network model for dystonia. Jinnah HA, Hess EJ. In Treatment of dystonia. Cambridge University Press. 1st Edition, 2018. [Book chapter]

Treatable inherited rare movement disorders. Jinnah HA, Albanese A, Bhatia KP, Cardoso F, Da Prat G, de Koning TJ, Espay AJ, Fung V, Garcia-Ruiz PJ, Gershanik O, Jankovic J, Kaji R, Kotschet K, Marras C, Miyasaki JM, Morgante F, Munchau A, Pal PK, Rodriguez Oroz MC, Rodríguez-Violante M, Schöls L, Stamelou M, Tijssen M, Uribe Roca C, de la Cerda A, Gatto EM; International Parkinson's Disease Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Rare Movement Disorders. Mov Disord. 2018 Jan;33(1):21-35. doi: 10.1002/mds.27140. Epub 2017 Sep 1.

Vergence and strabismus in neurodegenerative disorders. Kang SL, Shaikh AG, Ghasia FF. Front Neurol. 2018; 9: 299. PMCID: PMC5964131.

A Dynamic circuit hypothesis for the pathogenesis of blepharospasm. Peterson DA, Sejnowski TJ. Front Comput Neurosci. 2017; 11: 11. PMCID: PMC5340098. [Review]

Acquired pendular nystagmus. Kang S, Shaikh AG. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Apr 15;375:8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.033. Epub 2017 Jan 10.

Alterations of resting-state fMRI measurements in individuals with cervical dystonia. Li Z, Prudente CN, Stilla R, Sathian K, Jinnah HA, Hu X. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017 Aug;38(8):4098-4108. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23651. Epub 2017 May 15.

Basic and translational neuro-ophthalmology of visually guided saccades: disorders of velocity. Puri S, Shaikh AG. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2017;12(6):457-473. doi: 10.1080/17469899.2017.1395695. Epub 2017 Nov 28.

Blepharospasm 40 years later. Defazio G, Hallett M, Jinnah HA, Conte A, Berardelli A. Mov Disord. 2017 Apr;32(4):498-509. doi: 10.1002/mds.26934. Epub 2017 Feb 10.

Current Opinions and Areas of Consensus on the Role of the Cerebellum in Dystonia. Shakkottai VG, Batla A, Bhatia K, Dauer WT, Dresel C, Niethammer M, Eidelberg D, Raike RS, Smith Y, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ, Meunier S, Hallett M, Fremont R, Khodakhah K, LeDoux MS, Popa T, Gallea C, Lehericy S, Bostan AC, Strick PL. Cerebellum. 2017 Apr;16(2):577-594. doi: 10.1007/s12311-016-0825-6.

Deep brain stimulation for dystonia: a novel perspective on the value of genetic testing. Jinnah HA, Alterman R, Klein C, Krauss JK, Moro E, Vidailhet M, Raike R. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Apr;124(4):417-430. doi: 10.1007/s00702-016-1656-9. Epub 2017 Feb 3.

Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Retinal Pathology. Alsinaidi O, Shaikh AG. Neuroophthalmology. 2017 Oct 13;42(3):191-193. doi: 10.1080/01658107.2017.1354385. eCollection 2018 Jun.

Dystonia treatment: patterns of medication use in an international cohort. Pirio Richardson S, Wegele A, Skipper B et al. Neurology. 2017; 88: 543-550. PMCID: PMCID: 5304465.

Fixational eye movements in Tourette syndrome. Shaikh AG, Finkelstein SR, Schuchard R, Ross G, Juncos JL. Neurol Sci. 2017 Nov;38(11):1977-1984. doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-3069-4. Epub 2017 Aug 16.

Fixational saccades are more disconjugate in adults than in children. Shaikh AG, Ghasia FF. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 13;12(4):e0175295. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175295. eCollection 2017.

Increased blinking may be a precursor of blepharospasm: a longitudinal study. Conte A, Ferrazzano G, Defazio G et al. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017; 4: 733-736. PMCID: PMC5654574.

Motion Illusion-Evidence towards Human Vestibulo-Thalamic Projections. Shaikh AG, Straumann D, Palla A. Cerebellum. 2017 Jun;16(3):656-663. doi: 10.1007/s12311-017-0844-y.

Novel Eye Movement Disorders in Whipple's Disease-Staircase Horizontal Saccades, Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus, and Esotropia. Shaikh AG, Ghasia FF. Front Neurol. 2017 Jul 11;8:321. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00321. eCollection 2017.

Physiology of midbrain head movement neurons in cervical dystonia. Sedov A, Popov V, Shabalov V, Raeva S, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. Mov Disord. 2017 Jun;32(6):904-912. doi: 10.1002/mds.26948. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

Psychiatric associations of adult-onset focal dystonia phenotypes. Berman BD, Junker J, Shelton E, Sillau SH, Jinnah HA, Perlmutter JS, Espay AJ, Jankovic J, Vidailhet M, Bonnet C, Ondo W, Malaty IA, Rodríguez R, McDonald WM, Marsh L, Zurowski M, Bäumer T, Brüggemann N. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2017 Jul;88(7):595-602. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315461. Epub 2017 Apr 24.

Reply: Contributions of visual and motor signals in cervical dystonia. Shaikh AG, Zee DS, Crawford JD et al. Brain. 2017; 140: e5. [Letter]

Research Priorities in Limb and Task-Specific Dystonias. Pirio Richardson S, Altenmüller E, Alter K, Alterman RL, Chen R, Frucht S, Furuya S, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Kimberley TJ, Lungu C, Perlmutter JS, Prudente CN, Hallett M. Front Neurol. 2017 May 3;8:170. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00170. eCollection 2017.

Saccades in progressive supranuclear palsy - maladapted, irregular, curved, and slow. Shaikh AG, Factor SA, Juncos J. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017 Sep-Oct;4(5):671-681. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12491. Epub 2017 Aug 11.

The anatomical basis for dystonia: The motor network model. Jinnah HA, Neychev V, Hess EJ. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2017; 7: 506. PMCID: PMC5673689. [Invited Review]

Using the shared genetics of dystonia and ataxia to unravel their pathogenesis. Nibbeling EA, Delnooz CC, de Koning TJ, Sinke RJ, Jinnah HA, Tijssen MA, Verbeek DS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Apr;75:22-39. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.033. Epub 2017 Jan 28.

"Complex" dystonia is not a category in the new 2013 consensus classification. Albanese A, Bhatia K, DeLong MR, Fahn S, Fung VS, Hallett M, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Mink JW, Teller JK. Mov Disord. 2016 Nov;31(11):1758-1759. doi: 10.1002/mds.26764. Epub 2016 Sep 10.

Abnormal interhemispheric inhibition in musician's dystonia - Trait or state?. Bäumer T, Schmidt A, Heldmann M, Landwehr M, Simmer A, Tönniges D, Münte T, Lohmann K, Altenmüller E, Klein C, Münchau A. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Apr;25:33-8. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.018. Epub 2016 Feb 20.

Blepharospasm in a multiplex African-American pedigree. Xiao J, Thompson MM, Vemula SR et al. J Neurol Sci. 2016; 362: 299-303. PMCID: PMC4779500.

Botulinum toxin treatment failures in cervical dystonia: causes, management, and outcomes. Jinnah HA, Goodmann E, Rosen AR, Evatt M, Freeman A, Factor S. J Neurol. 2016 Jun;263(6):1188-94. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8136-x. Epub 2016 Apr 25.

Cervical dystonia: a neural integrator disorder. Shaikh AG, Zee DS, Crawford JD, Jinnah HA. Brain. 2016 Oct;139(Pt 10):2590-2599. doi: 10.1093/brain/aww141. Epub 2016 Jun 20.

Clinical and demographic characteristics related to onset site and spread of cervical dystonia. Norris SA, Jinnah HA, Espay AJ, Klein C, Brüggemann N, Barbano RL, Malaty IA, Rodriguez RL, Vidailhet M, Roze E, Reich SG, Berman BD, LeDoux MS, Richardson SP, Agarwal P, Mari Z, Ondo WG, Shih LC, Fox SH, Berardelli A, Testa CM, Cheng FC, Truong D, Nahab FB, Xie T, Hallett M, Rosen AR, Wright LJ, Perlmutter JS. Mov Disord. 2016 Dec;31(12):1874-1882. doi: 10.1002/mds.26817. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

Clinical and genetic features of cervical dystonia in a large multicenter cohort. LeDoux MS, Vemula SR, Xiao J, Thompson MM, Perlmutter JS, Wright LJ, Jinnah HA, Rosen AR, Hedera P, Comella CL, Weissbach A, Junker J, Jankovic J, Barbano RL, Reich SG, Rodriguez RL, Berman BD, Chouinard S, Severt L, Agarwal P, Stover NP. Neurol Genet. 2016 Apr 11;2(3):e69. doi: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000069. eCollection 2016 Jun.

Clinimetric testing of the comprehensive cervical dystonia rating scale. Comella CL, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Waliczek TA, Rosen AR, Galpern WR, Adler CA, Barbano RL, Factor SA, Goetz CG, Jankovic J, Reich SG, Rodriguez RL, Severt WL, Zurowski M, Fox SH, Stebbins GT. Mov Disord. 2016 Apr;31(4):563-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.26534. Epub 2016 Mar 12.

Comparative effectiveness of propranolol and botulinum for the treatment of essential voice tremor. Justicz N, Hapner ER, Josephs JS, Boone BC, Jinnah HA, Johns MM 3rd. Laryngoscope. 2016 Jan;126(1):113-7. doi: 10.1002/lary.25485. Epub 2015 Jul 21.

Considerations on patient-related outcomes with the use of botulinum toxins: is switching products safe?. Fraint A, Vittal P, Comella C. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016; 12: 147-54. PMCID: PMC4751901. [Review]

DYT1 dystonia increases risk taking in humans. Arkadir D, Radulescu A, Raymond D et al. eLife 2016;10.7554. PMCID: PMC4951192.

DYT6 Dystonia: A Neuropathological Study. Paudel R, Li A, Hardy J, Bhatia KP, Houlden H, Holton J. Neurodegener Dis. 2016;16(3-4):273-8. doi: 10.1159/000440863. Epub 2015 Nov 27.

Effects of cerebellar theta-burst stimulation on arm and neck movement kinematics in patients with focal dystonia. Bologna M, Paparella G, Fabbrini A, Leodori G, Rocchi L, Hallett M, Berardelli A. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016 Nov;127(11):3472-3479. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.09.008. Epub 2016 Sep 15.

Locus Pocus. Jinnah HA. Mov Disord. 2016 Nov;31(11):1759-1760. doi: 10.1002/mds.26765. Epub 2016 Aug 22.

Objective, computerized video-based rating of blepharospasm severity. Peterson DA, Littlewort GC, Bartlett MS, Macerollo A, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Hallett M, Sejnowski TJ. Peterson D, Littlewort G, Bartlett M et al. Objective, computerized, video-based rating of blepharospasm severity. Neurology. 2016; 87: 2146-2153. PMCID: PMC5109937.

The partnership of patient advocacy groups and clinical investigators in the rare diseases clinical research network. Merkel PA, Manion M, Gopal-Srivastava R, Groft S, Jinnah HA, Robertson D, Krischer JP; Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2016 May 18;11(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0445-8.

The role of polymyography in the treatment of cervical dystonia: the authors reply. Jinnah HA, Factor S. J Neurol. 2016 Aug;263(8):1665. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8222-0. Epub 2016 Jul 8.

Analysis of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large series of clinically and pathologically diagnosed cases with atypical parkinsonism. Schottlaender LV, Polke JM, Ling H, MacDoanld ND, Tucci A, Nanji T, Pittman A, de Silva R, Holton JL, Revesz T, Sweeney MG, Singleton AB, Lees AJ, Bhatia KP, Houlden H. Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Feb;36(2):1221.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.08.024. Epub 2014 Aug 27.

Central Nervous System Control of Voice and Swallowing. Ludlow CL. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Aug;32(4):294-303. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000186.

Development and validation of a clinical scale for rating the severity of blepharospasm. Defazio G, Hallett M, Jinnah HA, Stebbins GT, Gigante AF, Ferrazzano G, Conte A, Fabbrini G, Berardelli A. Mov Disord. 2015 Apr;30(4):525-30. doi: 10.1002/mds.26156.

Development of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia Rating Scale: Methodology. Comella CL, Fox SH, Bhatia KP, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Zurowski M, McDonald WM, Marsh L, Rosen AR, Waliczek T, Wright LJ, Galpern WR, Stebbins GT. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2015 Jun;2(2):135-141. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12131. Epub 2015 Apr 6.

Diagnosis and treatment of dystonia. Jinnah HA, Factor SA. Neurol Clin. 2015 Feb;33(1):77-100. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.002.

Diagnostic Delays in Spasmodic Dysphonia: A Call for Clinician Education. Creighton FX, Hapner E, Klein A, Rosen A, Jinnah HA, Johns MM. J Voice. 2015 Sep;29(5):592-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.10.022. Epub 2015 Apr 11.

Dystonia: Five new things. Berman BD, Jinnah HA. Neurol Clin Pract. 2015 Jun;5(3):232-240. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000128.

Laryngeal Reflexes: Physiology, Technique, and Clinical Use. Ludlow CL. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Aug;32(4):284-93. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000187.

Mixed effectiveness of rTMS and retraining in the treatment of focal hand dystonia. Kimberley TJ, Schmidt RL, Chen M et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015; 9: 385. PMCID: PMC4496570.

Neural Substrates for Head Movements in Humans: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Prudente CN, Stilla R, Buetefisch CM, Singh S, Hess EJ, Hu X, Sathian K, Jinnah HA. J Neurosci. 2015 Jun 17;35(24):9163-72. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0851-15.2015.

Ocular palatal tremor plus dystonia - new syndromic association. Shaikh AG, Ghasia FF, DeLong MR, Jinnah HA, Freeman A, Factor SA. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2015 Sep 1;2(3):267-270. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12193. Epub 2015 Jun 17.

Oscillatory head movements in cervical dystonia: Dystonia, tremor, or both?. Shaikh AG, Zee DS, Jinnah HA. Mov Disord. 2015 May;30(6):834-42. doi: 10.1002/mds.26231. Epub 2015 Apr 16.

Recent developments in dystonia. Jinnah HA, Teller JK, Galpern WR. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015 Aug;28(4):400-5. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000213.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in cervical dystonia:  effect of site and repetition in a randomized pilot trial. Pirio Richardson S, Tinaz S, Chen R. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0124937. PMCID: PMC4414555.

Secured web-based video repository for multicenter studies. Yan L, Hicks M, Winslow K, Comella C, Ludlow C, Jinnah HA, Rosen AR, Wright L, Galpern WR, Perlmutter JS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Apr;21(4):366-71. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.01.011. Epub 2015 Jan 20.

Short- and long-term outcome of chronic pallidal neurostimulation in monogenic isolated dystonia. Brüggemann N, Kühn A, Schneider SA, Kamm C, Wolters A, Krause P, Moro E, Steigerwald F, Wittstock M, Tronnier V, Lozano AM, Hamani C, Poon YY, Zittel S, Wächter T, Deuschl G, Krüger R, Kupsch A, Münchau A, Lohmann K, Volkmann J, Klein C. Neurology. 2015 Mar 3;84(9):895-903. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001312. Epub 2015 Feb 4.

Temporal profile of improvement of tardive dystonia after globus pallidus deep brain stimulation. Shaikh AG, Mewes K, DeLong MR, Gross RE, Triche SD, Jinnah HA, Boulis N, Willie JT, Freeman A, Alexander GE, Aia P, Butefisch CM, Esper CD, Factor SA. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Feb;21(2):116-9. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.11.013. Epub 2014 Nov 20.

The neurobiology of dystonia. Jinnah HA, Prudente CN, Rose SJ et al. In Neurobiology of Disease, 2nd Ed, 2015. [Chapter]

The role of dopamine and dopaminergic pathways in dystonia: insights from neuroimaging. Karimi M, Perlmutter JS. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2015 Jan 29;5:280. doi: 10.7916/D8J101XV. eCollection 2015.

When brawn benefits brain: physical activity and Parkinson's disease risk. Tanner CM, Comella CL. Brain. 2015 Feb;138(Pt 2):238-9. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu351.

Why are voluntary head movements in cervical dystonia slow?. Shaikh AG, Wong A, Zee DS, Jinnah HA. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Jun;21(6):561-6. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.03.005. Epub 2015 Mar 14.

A rare sequence variant in intron 1 of THAP1 is associated with primary dystonia. Vemula SR, Xiao J, Zhao Y, Bastian RW, Perlmutter JS, Racette BA, Paniello RC, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Van Gerpen JA, Hedera P, Truong DD, Blitzer A, Rudzińska M, Momčilović D, Jinnah HA, Frei K, Pfeiffer RF, LeDoux MS. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2014 May;2(3):261-72. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.67. Epub 2014 Feb 11.

Activation of upper airway muscles during breathing and swallowing. Fregosi RF, Ludlow CL. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014 Feb 1;116(3):291-301. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00670.2013. Epub 2013 Oct 3.

Alleviating manoeuvres (sensory tricks) in cervical dystonia. Patel N, Hanfelt J, Marsh L, Jankovic J; members of the Dystonia Coalition. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014 Aug;85(8):882-4. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307316. Epub 2014 May 14.

An ¹⁸F-FDG PET study of cervical muscle in parkinsonian anterocollis. Revuelta GJ, Montilla J, Benatar M, Freeman A, Wichmann T, Jinnah HA, Delong MR, Factor SA. J Neurol Sci. 2014 May 15;340(1-2):174-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.03.023. Epub 2014 Mar 18.

Closed-loop brain-machine-body interfaces for noninvasive rehabilitation of movement disorders. Broccard FD, Mullen T, Chi YM, Peterson D, Iversen JR, Arnold M, Kreutz-Delgado K, Jung TP, Makeig S, Poizner H, Sejnowski T, Cauwenberghs G. Ann Biomed Eng. 2014 Aug;42(8):1573-93. doi: 10.1007/s10439-014-1032-6. Epub 2014 May 15.

Designing clinical trials for dystonia. Galpern WR, Coffey CS, Albanese A, Cheung K, Comella CL, Ecklund DJ, Fahn S, Jankovic J, Kieburtz K, Lang AE, McDermott MP, Shefner JM, Teller JK, Thompson JL, Yeatts SD, Jinnah HA. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan;11(1):117-27. doi: 10.1007/s13311-013-0221-6.

Dystonia as a network disorder: what is the role of the cerebellum?. Prudente CN, Hess EJ, Jinnah HA. Neuroscience. 2014 Feb 28;260:23-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.062. Epub 2013 Dec 11.

Globus pallidus deep brain stimulation for adult-onset axial dystonia. Shaikh AG, Mewes K, Jinnah HA, DeLong MR, Gross RE, Triche S, Freeman A, Factor SA. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 Nov;20(11):1279-82. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.09.005. Epub 2014 Sep 16.

Loss of dopamine phenotype among midbrain neurons in Lesch-Nyhan disease. Göttle M, Prudente CN, Fu R, Sutcliffe D, Pang H, Cooper D, Veledar E, Glass JD, Gearing M, Visser JE, Jinnah HA. Ann Neurol. 2014 Jul;76(1):95-107. doi: 10.1002/ana.24191. Epub 2014 Jun 20.

Neuroimaging biomarkers for Parkinson disease: facts and fantasy. Perlmutter JS, Norris SA. Ann Neurol. 2014 Dec;76(6):769-83. doi: 10.1002/ana.24291. Epub 2014 Nov 7.

Neuropathological features of genetically confirmed DYT1 dystonia: investigating disease-specific inclusions. Paudel R, Kiely A, Li A, Lashley T, Bandopadhyay R, Hardy J, Jinnah HA, Bhatia K, Houlden H, Holton JL. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2014 Nov 18;2:159. doi: 10.1186/s40478-014-0159-x.

New concepts for dystonia. Jinnah HA, Albanese A. Jinnah HA, Albanese A. New concepts for dystonia. Moving Along: The Official Newsletter of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. 2014; 18: 6-7. [Feature article]

Pathogenic variants in TUBB4A are not found in primary dystonia. Vemula SR, Xiao J, Bastian RW, Momčilović D, Blitzer A, LeDoux MS. Neurology. 2014 Apr 8;82(14):1227-30. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000294. Epub 2014 Mar 5.

Recent advances in the genetics of dystonia. Xiao J, Vemula SR, LeDoux MS. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014 Aug;14(8):462. doi: 10.1007/s11910-014-0462-8.

Reply: dystonia after severe head injuries. Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, Delong MR, Fahn S, Fung VS, Hallett M, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Klein C, Lang AE, Mink JW, Teller JK. Mov Disord. 2014 Apr;29(4):578-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.25861. Epub 2014 Mar 3.

Smoking and Parkinson disease: where there is smoke there may not be fire. Hershey LA, Perlmutter JS. Neurology. 2014 Oct 14;83(16):1392-3. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000896. Epub 2014 Sep 12.

The New Classification System for the Dystonias: Why Was it Needed and How was it Developed?. Jinnah HA, Albanese A. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2014 Dec 1;1(4):280-284. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12100.

Treatment of myoclonus-dystonia syndrome with tetrabenazine. Luciano AY, Jinnah HA, Pfeiffer RF, Truong DD, Nance MA, LeDoux MS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 Dec;20(12):1423-6. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.09.029. Epub 2014 Oct 5.

Treatment of restless legs syndrome. Comella CL. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan;11(1):177-87. doi: 10.1007/s13311-013-0247-9.

Assessment of patients with isolated or combined dystonia: an update on dystonia syndromes. Fung VS, Jinnah HA, Bhatia K, Vidailhet M. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):889-98. doi: 10.1002/mds.25549.

Cerebellar processing of sensory inputs primes motor cortex plasticity. Popa T, Velayudhan B, Hubsch C, Pradeep S, Roze E, Vidailhet M, Meunier S, Kishore A. Cereb Cortex. 2013 Feb;23(2):305-14. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs016. Epub 2012 Feb 20.

Defective cerebellar control of cortical plasticity in writer's cramp. Hubsch C, Roze E, Popa T, Russo M, Balachandran A, Pradeep S, Mueller F, Brochard V, Quartarone A, Degos B, Vidailhet M, Kishore A, Meunier S. Brain. 2013 Jul;136(Pt 7):2050-62. doi: 10.1093/brain/awt147.

Depression and Parkinson's disease: current knowledge. Marsh L. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013 Dec;13(12):409. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0409-5.

Development and validation of a clinical guideline for diagnosing blepharospasm. Defazio G, Hallett M, Jinnah HA, Berardelli A. Neurology. 2013 Jul 16;81(3):236-40. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829bfdf6. Epub 2013 Jun 14.

Dystonia rating scales: critique and recommendations. Albanese A, Sorbo FD, Comella C, Jinnah HA, Mink JW, Post B, Vidailhet M, Volkmann J, Warner TT, Leentjens AF, Martinez-Martin P, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Schrag A. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):874-83. doi: 10.1002/mds.25579.

Dystonia, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability and breast cancer associated with a chromosome 13q34 duplication and overexpression of TFDP1: case report. Moscovich M, LeDoux MS, Xiao J, Rampon GL, Vemula SR, Rodriguez RL, Foote KD, Okun MS. BMC Med Genet. 2013 Jul 13;14:70. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-70.

Genetics of dystonia: What's known? What's new? What's next?. Lohmann K, Klein C. Mov Disord. 2013; 28: 899-905. [Invited Review]

How long does it take to diagnose cervical dystonia?. Tiderington E, Goodman EM, Rosen AR, Hapner ER, Johns MM 3rd, Evatt ML, Freeman A, Factor S, Jinnah HA. J Neurol Sci. 2013 Dec 15;335(1-2):72-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.08.028. Epub 2013 Aug 30.

Keeping your head on target. Shaikh AG, Wong AL, Zee DS, Jinnah HA. J Neurosci. 2013 Jul 3;33(27):11281-95. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3415-12.2013.

Neuropathology of cervical dystonia. Prudente CN, Pardo CA, Xiao J, Hanfelt J, Hess EJ, Ledoux MS, Jinnah HA. Exp Neurol. 2013 Mar;241:95-104. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.019. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, Delong MR, Fahn S, Fung VS, Hallett M, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Klein C, Lang AE, Mink JW, Teller JK. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):863-73. doi: 10.1002/mds.25475. Epub 2013 May 6.

Phenotypic variation among seven members of one family with deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Ceballos-Picot I, Augé F, Fu R, Olivier-Bandini A, Cahu J, Chabrol B, Aral B, de Martinville B, Lecain JP, Jinnah HA. Mol Genet Metab. 2013 Nov;110(3):268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.016. Epub 2013 Sep 8.

Psychiatric comorbidities in dystonia: emerging concepts. Zurowski M, McDonald WM, Fox S, Marsh L. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):914-20. doi: 10.1002/mds.25501.

Rating scales for musician's dystonia: the state of the art. Peterson DA, Berque P, Jabusch HC, Altenmüller E, Frucht SJ. Neurology. 2013 Aug 6;81(6):589-98. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829e6f72. Epub 2013 Jul 24.

Secondary blepharospasm associated with structural lesions of the brain. Khooshnoodi MA, Factor SA, Jinnah HA. J Neurol Sci. 2013 Aug 15;331(1-2):98-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.05.022. Epub 2013 Jun 6.

Special concerns in defining, studying, and treating dystonia in children. Mink JW. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):921-5. doi: 10.1002/mds.25548.

The dystonias: past, present, and future. Jinnah HA, Delong MR, Hallett M. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):849-50. doi: 10.1002/mds.25564.

The focal dystonias: current views and challenges for future research. Jinnah HA, Berardelli A, Comella C, Defazio G, Delong MR, Factor S, Galpern WR, Hallett M, Ludlow CL, Perlmutter JS, Rosen AR; Dystonia Coalition Investigators. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):926-43. doi: 10.1002/mds.25567.

Translation of Oppenheim's 1911 paper on dystonia. Klein C, Fahn S. Mov Disord. 2013; 28: 851-862. PMCID: In Progress. [Translation from German]

Clinical subtypes of anterocollis in parkinsonian syndromes. Revuelta GJ, Benatar M, Freeman A, Wichmann T, Jinnah HA, DeLong MR, Factor SA. J Neurol Sci. 2012 Apr 15;315(1-2):100-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.11.017. Epub 2011 Nov 30.

Coprevalence of anxiety and depression with spasmodic dysphonia: a case-control study. White LJ, Hapner ER, Klein AM, Delgaudio JM, Hanfelt JJ, Jinnah HA, Johns MM 3rd. J Voice. 2012 Sep;26(5):667.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.011. Epub 2011 Dec 29.

Dystonia: phenomenology. LeDoux MS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012 Jan;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S162-4. doi: 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70050-5.

Genotype-phenotype correlations in THAP1 dystonia: molecular foundations and description of new cases. LeDoux MS, Xiao J, Rudzińska M, Bastian RW, Wszolek ZK, Van Gerpen JA, Puschmann A, Momčilović D, Vemula SR, Zhao Y. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012 Jun;18(5):414-25. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Feb 28.

Mutations in CIZ1 cause adult onset primary cervical dystonia. Xiao J, Uitti RJ, Zhao Y, Vemula SR, Perlmutter JS, Wszolek ZK, Maraganore DM, Auburger G, Leube B, Lehnhoff K, LeDoux MS. Ann Neurol. 2012 Apr;71(4):458-69. doi: 10.1002/ana.23547. Epub 2012 Mar 23.

Novel PRRT2 mutation in an African-American family with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. Hedera P, Xiao J, Puschmann A, Momčilović D, Wu SW, LeDoux MS. BMC Neurol. 2012 Sep 18;12:93. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-93.

Oromandibular and lingual dystonia associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 8. Ushe M, Perlmutter JS. Mov Disord. 2012 Dec;27(14):1741-2. doi: 10.1002/mds.25295.

Prevalence, predictors, and perceived effectiveness of complementary, alternative and integrative medicine in adult-onset primary dystonia. Fleming BM, Schwab EL, Nouer SS, Wan JY, LeDoux MS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012 Sep;18(8):936-40. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.04.027. Epub 2012 May 25.

The genetics of dystonias. LeDoux MS. Adv Genet. 2012;79:35-85. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394395-8.00002-5.

An African-American family with dystonia. Puschmann A, Xiao J, Bastian RW, Searcy JA, LeDoux MS, Wszolek ZK. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011 Aug;17(7):547-50. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.04.019. Epub 2011 May 20.

Animal models of dystonia: Lessons from a mutant rat. LeDoux MS. Neurobiol Dis. 2011 May;42(2):152-61. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.11.006. Epub 2010 Nov 21.

Convergent mechanisms in etiologically-diverse dystonias. Thompson VB, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2011 Dec;15(12):1387-403. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2011.641533. Epub 2011 Dec 3.

Coprevalence of tremor with spasmodic dysphonia: a case-control study. White LJ, Klein AM, Hapner ER, Delgaudio JM, Hanfelt JJ, Jinnah HA, Johns MM 3rd. Laryngoscope. 2011 Aug;121(8):1752-5. doi: 10.1002/lary.21872.

Extreme task specificity in writer's cramp. Shamim EA, Chu J, Scheider LH, Savitt J, Jinnah HA, Hallett M. Mov Disord. 2011 Sep;26(11):2107-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.23827. Epub 2011 Jun 28.

In the wink of an eye: nature and nurture in blepharospasm. Jinnah HA, Hallett M. Neurology. 2011 Aug 16;77(7):616-7. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182299f84. Epub 2011 Jul 20.

Needles in haystacks: the challenges of rare diseases. Jinnah HA. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Jan;53(1):6-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03791.x.

Spasmodic dysphonia: a laryngeal control disorder specific to speech. Ludlow CL. J Neurosci. 2011 Jan 19;31(3):793-7. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2758-10.2011.

The c.-237_236GA>TT THAP1 sequence variant does not increase risk for primary dystonia. Xiao J, Zhao Y, Bastian RW, Perlmutter JS, Racette BA, Tabbal SD, Karimi M, Paniello RC, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Van Gerpen JA, Simon DK, Tarsy D, Hedera P, Truong DD, Frei KP, Blitzer A, Rudzińska M, Pfeiffer RF, Le C, LeDoux MS. Mov Disord. 2011 Feb 15;26(3):549-52. doi: 10.1002/mds.23551. Epub 2011 Mar 2.

The functional neuroanatomy of dystonia. Neychev VK, Gross RE, Lehéricy S, Hess EJ, Jinnah HA. Neurobiol Dis. 2011 May;42(2):185-201. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.026. Epub 2011 Feb 12.

Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels: brief overview of their function and clinical implications in neurology. Hess EJ, Jen JC, Jinnah HA, Benarroch EE. Neurology. 2010 Sep 7;75(10):937; author reply 937-8. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181eee9e8.

Novel THAP1 sequence variants in primary dystonia. Xiao J, Zhao Y, Bastian RW, Perlmutter JS, Racette BA, Tabbal SD, Karimi M, Paniello RC, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Van Gerpen JA, Simon DK, Tarsy D, Hedera P, Truong DD, Frei KP, Dev Batish S, Blitzer A, Pfeiffer RF, Gong S, LeDoux MS. Neurology. 2010 Jan 19;74(3):229-38. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ca00ca.

Treatment strategies for dystonia. Cloud LJ, Jinnah HA. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Jan;11(1):5-15. doi: 10.1517/14656560903426171.

Rodent models of dystonia. Hess EJ, Jinnah HA. In Animal models for movement disorders, LeDoux MS, Ed. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005. [Book chapter]