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Research Publications

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diagnosis and Management of Acute Hepatic Porphyrias: Expert Review. Wang B, Bonkovsky HL, Lim JK, Balwani M. Gastroenterology. 2023 Mar;164(3):484-491. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.11.034. Epub 2023 Jan 13. PMID: 36642627.

Direct-to-Consumer Recruitment Methods via Traditional and Social Media to Aid in Research Accrual for Clinical Trials for Rare Diseases: Comparative Analysis Study. Applequist J, Burroughs C, Merkel PA, Rothenberg M, Trapnell B, Desnick R, Sahin M, Krischer J. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Mar 14;25:e39262. doi: 10.2196/39262.

Evidence based consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management of Protoporphyria-Related liver dysfunction in erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-Linked protoporphyria. Levy C, Dickey AK, Wang B, Thapar M, Naik H, Keel SB, Saberi B, Beaven SW, Rudnick SR, Elmariah SB, Erwin AL, Goddu RJ, Hedstrom K, Leaf RK, Kazamel M, Mazepa M, Philpotts LL, Quigley J, Raef H, Ungar J, Anderson KE, Balwani M; Porphyrias Consortium of the Rare Diseases Clinical Network. Hepatology. 2023 Jul 27. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000546. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37505211

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are inherited, metabolic disorders characterized by the buildup of protoporphyrins (substances that bind metals to form complexes, such as the iron found in red blood cells). In addition to phototoxicity (severe pain during light exposure), patients with EPP and XLP often experience liver dysfunction. However, there is a lack of published information on the management of liver disease in these patients.

In this study, researchers established evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of liver disease in protoporphyrias. A group of 15 clinicians from the Porphyrias Consortium—with expertise in porphyrias and hepatology, hematology, and genetics—conducted a systematic literature review to develop new recommendations.

The resulting guidelines address important clinical topics in protoporphyrias and liver disease, including interventions and therapies based on severity. Authors note that these guidelines may not only improve patient care, but also inspire new collaborative research.

How I treat erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria. Leaf RK, Dickey AK. Blood. 2023 Jun 15;141(24):2921-2931. doi: 10.1182/blood.2022018688.

Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Is Effective as Sole Treatment of Porphyria Cutanea Tarda with Chronic Hepatitis C. Bonkovsky HL, Rudnick SP, Ma CD, Overbey JR, Wang K, Faust D, Hallberg C, Hedstrom K, Naik H, Moghe A, Anderson KE. Dig Dis Sci. 2023 Feb 22:1–9. doi: 10.1007/s10620-023-07859-8. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36811718; PMCID: PMC9945827.

A pilot study of oral iron therapy in erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria. Balwani M, Naik H, Overbey JR, Bonkovsky HL, Bissell DM, Wang B, Phillips JD, Desnick RJ, Anderson KE. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2022 Nov 14;33:100939. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100939. PMID: 36406817; PMCID: PMC9672425.

ABCB6 polymorphisms are not overly represented in patients with porphyria. Farrell CP, Nicolas G, Desnick RJ, Parker CJ, Lamoril J, Gouya L, Karim Z, Tchernitchko D, Chan B, Puy H, Phillips JD. Blood Adv. 2022 Feb 8;6(3):760-766. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005484. PMID: 34724702; PMCID: PMC8945301.

The porphyrias are a group of rare, inherited, metabolic disorders characterized by elevated porphyrin or porphyrin precursor levels that are caused by deficiencies in one of eight enzymes necessary for heme production. Recent studies have suggested that the genotype of the transporter protein ABCB6 contributes to the porphyria phenotype. To address this proposed link, researchers analyzed data from a large cohort of patients with acute hepatic porphyria and erythropoietic protoporphyria. Results showed that the ABCB6 genotype did not correlate with disease severity. Authors conclude that genotyping of ABCB6 in patients with acute hepatic porphyria and erythropoietic protoporphyria is not warranted.

Assessment of porphyrogenicity of drugs and chemicals in selected hepatic cell culture models through a fluorescence-based screening assay. Ma CD, Van Horn CG, Wan M, Bishop C, Bonkovsky HL. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2022 Jun;10(3):e00951. doi: 10.1002/prp2.951. PMID: 35445802; PMCID: PMC9022196.

Acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs)—including ALA dehydratase deficiency porphyria, acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, and variegate porphyria—are a subtype of porphyrias classified as having a hepatic (liver) origin. In patients with AHPs, some drugs and chemicals may trigger or exacerbate acute porphyric attacks. However, there is currently no standard model to assess and predict the likelihood of drugs and chemicals to induce these attacks. In this study, researchers aimed to develop a fluorescence-based in vitro assay for this purpose. The team studied four different hepatic cell culture models. They found that LMH cell cultures in multi-well plates are an inexpensive, robust, and simple system to predict the porphyrogenicity of compounds that may exacerbate the AHPs.

Elagolix is porphyrogenic and may induce porphyric attacks in patients with the acute hepatic porphyrias. Ma CD, Bonkovsky HL. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2022 Sep 7;33:100915. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100915. PMID: 36105850; PMCID: PMC9465260.

Eslicarbazepine acetate is porphyrogenic and should be used with caution in patients with the acute hepatic porphyrias. Ma CD, Bonkovsky HL. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Sep 6;13:953961. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953961. PMID: 36147354; PMCID: PMC9485715.

Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria. Dickey AK, Naik H, Keel SB, Levy C, Beaven SW, Elmariah SB, Erwin AL, Goddu RJ, Hedstrom K, Leaf RK, Kazamel M, Mazepa M, Philpotts LL, Quigley J, Raef H, Rudnick SR, Saberi B, Thapar M, Ungar J, Wang B, Balwani M; Porphyrias Consortium of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 Aug 27:S0190-9622(22)02611-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.08.036. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36041558.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are rare, inherited, metabolic disorders characterized by build-up of porphyrins. Porphyrins are substances that bind metals to form complexes, such as the iron found in red blood cells. The hallmark symptoms include phototoxicity (severe pain during light exposure) and photosensitivity (skin hyperreactivity to light). Due to the rarity of EPP and XLP, physicians often have limited expertise with these disorders, which can lead to delays in diagnosis. In this study, researchers developed evidence-based consensus guidelines for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of EPP and XLP. First, the team conducted a systematic literature review. Next, they divided topics among subcommittees of experts to reach a consensus on guidelines. The new guidelines discuss biochemical and genetic testing for diagnosis, prevention of symptoms, management of acute phototoxicity, and pharmacologic (drug or medication) and non-pharmacologic treatment options. Researchers also discuss management, including the importance of ongoing monitoring, guidance on pregnancy and surgery, and the safety of other therapies. Authors note that these guidelines can aid in early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

Pain in acute hepatic porphyrias: Updates on pathophysiology and management. Kazamel M, Pischik E, Desnick RJ. Front Neurol. 2022 Nov 21;13:1004125. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1004125. PMID: 36479055; PMCID: PMC9719963.

Evidence in the UK Biobank for the underdiagnosis of erythropoietic protoporphyria. Dickey AK, Quick C, Ducamp S, Zhu Z, Feng YA, Naik H, Balwani M, Anderson KE, Lin X, Phillips JE, Rebeiz L, Bonkovsky HL, McGuire BM, Wang B, Chasman DI, Smoller JW, Fleming MD, Christiani DC. Genet Med. 2021 Jan;23(1):140-148. doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-00951-8. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

In this study of genetic data from 50,000 participants in the UK Biobank, researchers found that the number of individuals with the genetic pairing that causes EPP was seven times higher than the number of individuals who had been diagnosed. The prevalance of EPP in the data set turned out to be 1 in 17,000 people. See blog post.

Novel treatment options for acute hepatic porphyrias. Wang B. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;37(3):194-199. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000734.

Porphyrias in the Age of Targeted Therapies. Erwin AL, Balwani M. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Sep 29;11(10):1795. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11101795.

The acute hepatic porphyrias. Wang B. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Apr 5;6:24. doi: 10.21037/tgh-2020-01. eCollection 2021.

The ubiquitous mitochondrial protein unfoldase CLPX regulates erythroid heme synthesis by control of iron utilization and heme synthesis enzyme activation and turnover. Rondelli CM, Perfetto M, Danoff A, Bergonia H, Gillis S, O'Neill L, Jackson L, Nicolas G, Puy H, West R, Phillips JD, Yien YY. J Biol Chem. 2021 Aug;297(2):100972. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100972. Epub 2021 Jul 16.

Porphyrias are rare disorders caused by an abnormality in the heme production process. Heme enables our blood cells to carry oxygen and helps break down chemical compounds in the liver. Erythropoietic protoporphyria patients experience a build-up of protoporphyrin in the bone marrow, red blood cells, blood plasma, skin, and eventually liver. This buildup can cause extreme sensitivity to sunlight, liver damage, and other problems. The protein CLPX (caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X) promotes heme synthesis. Researchers seeking to better understand the ways CLPX regulates heme synthesis in red blood cells undertook genomic studies in yeast, zebrafish, and mouse models. They found that CLPX mutations may cause anemia and porphyria via dysregulation of ALAS, FECH, and PPOX activities, as well as of iron metabolism. They conclude that unraveling the complexities of CLPX function will be key for designing therapies for these rare diseases.

5-Aminolevulinate dehydratase porphyria: Update on hepatic 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase induction and long-term response to hemin. Lahiji AP, Anderson KE, Chan A, Simon A, Desnick RJ, Ramanujam VMS. Mol Genet Metab. 2020 Dec;131(4):418-423. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.10.011. Epub 2020 Oct 26.

A novel approach to conducting clinical trials in the community setting: utilizing patient-driven platforms and social media to drive web-based patient recruitment. Applequist J, Burroughs C, Ramirez A Jr, Merkel PA, Rothenberg ME, Trapnell B, Desnick RJ, Sahin M, Krischer JP. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Mar 13;20(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-00926-y.

EXPLORE: A Prospective, Multinational, Natural History Study of Patients with Acute Hepatic Porphyria with Recurrent Attacks. Gouya L, Ventura P, Balwani M, Bissell DM, Rees DC, Stölzel U, Phillips JD, Kauppinen R, Langendonk JG, Desnick RJ, Deybach JC, Bonkovsky HL, Parker C, Naik H, Badminton M, Stein PE, Minder E, Windyga J, Bruha R, Cappellini MD, Sardh E, Harper P, Sandberg S, Aarsand AK, Andersen J, Alegre F, Ivanova A, Talbi N, Chan A, Querbes W, Ko J, Penz C, Liu S, Lin T, Simon A, Anderson KE. Hepatology. 2020 May;71(5):1546-1558. doi: 10.1002/hep.30936. Epub 2019 Nov 7.

Editorial: hepatitis C and porphyria cutanea tarda in 2020. Rudnick S, Bonkovsky HL. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Jun;51(12):1432-1434. doi: 10.1111/apt.15728.

Evaluating the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales in acute intermittent porphyria. Naik H, Overbey JR, Montgomery GH, Winkel G, Balwani M, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Bonkovsky HL, Phillips JD, Wang B, McGuire B, Keel S, Levy C, Erwin A, Desnick RJ. Genet Med. 2020 Mar;22(3):590-597. doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0683-y. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Acute Hepatic Porphyrias: Results from the Longitudinal Study of the U.S. Porphyrias Consortium. Saberi B, Naik H, Overbey JR, Erwin AL, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Bonkovsky HL, Phillips JD, Wang B, K Singal A, M McGuire B, Desnick RJ, Balwani M. Hepatology. 2021 May;73(5):1736-1746. doi: 10.1002/hep.31460. Epub 2020 Dec 11. PMID: 32681675.

The acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP) are a family of rare genetic diseases that present with acute attacks, nausea, and vomiting which can last for several days. These disorders can also have chronic symptoms and an increased risk for long-term manifestations. The risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increased in patients with acute hepatic porphyrias. In order to characterize the symptoms, outcomes, and frequency of HCC in patients with AHP in the United States, researchers undertook a multicenter, longitudinal study. Among 327 patients with AHP, 5 (1.5%) were diagnosed with HCC. Cirrhosis was not present in AHP patients with HCC, unlike what is typically seen with other chronic liver diseases. Study authors recommend that patients with AHP should be screened for HCC beginning at age 50.

Acute hepatic porphyrias: Current diagnosis & management. Anderson KE. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):219-227. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.07.002. Epub 2019 Jul 5.

Characterization of the hepatic transcriptome following phenobarbital induction in mice with AIP. Chen B, Wang M, Gan L, Zhang B, Desnick RJ, Yasuda M. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):382-390. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.12.010. Epub 2019 Jan 6.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: Recent advances. Erwin AL, Desnick RJ. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):288-297. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.12.008. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria: pathophysiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, and management. Balwani M. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):298-303. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.020. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Harderoporphyria: Case of lifelong photosensitivity associated with compound heterozygous coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPOX) mutations. Moghe A, Ramanujam VMS, Phillips JD, Desnick RJ, Anderson KE. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2019 Feb 19;19:100457. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100457. eCollection 2019 Jun.

Heme biosynthesis and the porphyrias. Phillips JD. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):164-177. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Homozygous hydroxymethylbilane synthase knock-in mice provide pathogenic insights into the severe neurological impairments present in human homozygous dominant acute intermittent porphyria. Yasuda M, Gan L, Chen B, Yu C, Zhang J, Gama-Sosa MA, Pollak DD, Berger S, Phillips JD, Edelmann W, Desnick RJ. Hum Mol Genet. 2019 Jun 1;28(11):1755-1767. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddz003.

Identification and characterization of 40 novel hydroxymethylbilane synthase mutations that cause acute intermittent porphyria. Chen B, Solis-Villa C, Erwin AL, Balwani M, Nazarenko I, Phillips JD, Desnick RJ, Yasuda M. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2019 Jan;42(1):186-194. doi: 10.1002/jimd.12040.

International Porphyria Molecular Diagnostic Collaborative: an evidence-based database of verified pathogenic and benign variants for the porphyrias. Chen B, Whatley S, Badminton M, Aarsand AK, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Bonkovsky HL, Cappellini MD, Floderus Y, Friesema ECH, Gouya L, Harper P, Kauppinen R, Loskove Y, Martásek P, Phillips JD, Puy H, Sandberg S, Schmitt C, To-Figueras J, Weiss Y, Yasuda M, Deybach JC, Desnick RJ. Genet Med. 2019 Nov;21(11):2605-2613. doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0537-7. Epub 2019 May 10.

Murine models of the human porphyrias: Contributions toward understanding disease pathogenesis and the development of new therapies. Yasuda M, Desnick RJ. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):332-341. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Pathogenesis and clinical features of the acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs). Bonkovsky HL, Dixon N, Rudnick S. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Pilot study of mitochondrial bioenergetics in subjects with acute porphyrias. Dixon N, Li T, Marion B, Faust D, Dozier S, Molina A, Rudnick S, Bonkovsky HL. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):228-235. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 May 20.

Porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria: Identification of 19 novel uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase mutations. Weiss Y, Chen B, Yasuda M, Nazarenko I, Anderson KE, Desnick RJ. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):363-366. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.013. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Porphyrin-Induced Protein Oxidation and Aggregation as a Mechanism of Porphyria-Associated Cell Injury. Maitra D, Bragazzi Cunha J, Elenbaas JS, Bonkovsky HL, Shavit JA, Omary MB. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;8(4):535-548. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Jun 21.

Psychosocial issues in erythropoietic protoporphyria - the perspective of parents, children, and young adults: A qualitative study. Naik H, Shenbagam S, Go AM, Balwani M. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):314-319. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.023. Epub 2019 Jan 26.

Recent advances on porphyria genetics: Inheritance, penetrance & molecular heterogeneity, including new modifying/causative genes. Yasuda M, Chen B, Desnick RJ. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):320-331. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.012. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Results of a pilot study of isoniazid in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Parker CJ, Desnick RJ, Bissel MD, Bloomer JR, Singal A, Gouya L, Puy H, Anderson KE, Balwani M, Phillips JD. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):309-313. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.07.017. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Sex differences in vascular reactivity in mesenteric arteries from a mouse model of acute intermittent porphyria. Pulgar VM, Yasuda M, Gan L, Desnick RJ, Bonkovsky HL. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):376-381. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Strong correlation of ferrochelatase enzymatic activity with Mitoferrin-1 mRNA in lymphoblasts of patients with protoporphyria. Phillips J, Farrell C, Wang Y, Singal AK, Anderson K, Balwani M, Bissell M, Bonkovsky H, Seay T, Paw B, Desnick R, Bloomer J. Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):391-395. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Acute Hepatic Porphyrias: Review and Recent Progress. Wang B, Rudnick S, Cengia B, Bonkovsky HL. Hepatol Commun. 2018 Dec 20;3(2):193-206. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1297. eCollection 2019 Feb.

Diagnostic Delay in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. Lala SM, Naik H, Balwani M. J Pediatr. 2018 Nov;202:320-323.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

FAM210B is an erythropoietin target and regulates erythroid heme synthesis by controlling mitochondrial iron import and ferrochelatase activity. Yien YY, Shi J, Chen C, Cheung JTM, Grillo AS, Shrestha R, Li L, Zhang X, Kafina MD, Kingsley PD, King MJ, Ablain J, Li H, Zon LI, Palis J, Burke MD, Bauer DE, Orkin SH, Koehler CM, Phillips JD, Kaplan J, Ward DM, Lodish HF, Paw BH. J Biol Chem. 2018 Dec 21;293(51):19797-19811. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002742. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Relapse of porphyria cutanea tarda after treatment with phlebotomy or 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials: a meta-analysis. Salameh H, Sarairah H, Rizwan M, Kuo YF, Anderson KE, Singal AK. Br J Dermatol. 2018 Dec;179(6):1351-1357. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16741. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Acute hepatic porphyrias: Recommendations for evaluation and long-term management. Balwani M, Wang B, Anderson KE, Bloomer JR, Bissell DM, Bonkovsky HL, Phillips JD, Desnick RJ; Porphyrias Consortium of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. Hepatology. 2017 Oct;66(4):1314-1322. doi: 10.1002/hep.29313. Epub 2017 Sep 4.

Clinical, Biochemical, and Genetic Characterization of North American Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-linked Protoporphyria. Balwani M, Naik H, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Bloomer J, Bonkovsky HL, Phillips JD, Overbey JR, Wang B, Singal AK, Liu LU, Desnick RJ. JAMA Dermatol. 2017 Aug 1;153(8):789-796. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.1557.

Hepatitis C Treatment in Patients With Porphyria Cutanea Tarda. Singal AK, Venkata KVR, Jampana S, Islam FU, Anderson KE. Am J Med Sci. 2017 Jun;353(6):523-528. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.007. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

Mutation in human CLPX elevates levels of δ-aminolevulinate synthase and protoporphyrin IX to promote erythropoietic protoporphyria. Yien YY, Ducamp S, van der Vorm LN, Kardon JR, Manceau H, Kannengiesser C, Bergonia HA, Kafina MD, Karim Z, Gouya L, Baker TA, Puy H, Phillips JD, Nicolas G, Paw BH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Sep 19;114(38):E8045-E8052. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700632114. Epub 2017 Sep 5.

A Novel Role for Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1): A Partner and Regulator of Ferrochelatase. Piel RB 3rd, Shiferaw MT, Vashisht AA, Marcero JR, Praissman JL, Phillips JD, Wohlschlegel JA, Medlock AE. Biochemistry. 2016 Sep 20;55(37):5204-17. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00756. Epub 2016 Sep 9.

Acute Intermittent Porphyria in children: A case report and review of the literature. Balwani M, Singh P, Seth A, Debnath EM, Naik H, Doheny D, Chen B, Yasuda M, Desnick RJ. Mol Genet Metab. 2016 Dec;119(4):295-299. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.10.005. Epub 2016 Oct 15.

Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Predicted Pathogenicity of HMBS Variants Indicates Extremely Low Penetrance of the Autosomal Dominant Disease. Chen B, Solis-Villa C, Hakenberg J, Qiao W, Srinivasan RR, Yasuda M, Balwani M, Doheny D, Peter I, Chen R, Desnick RJ. Hum Mutat. 2016 Nov;37(11):1215-1222. doi: 10.1002/humu.23067. Epub 2016 Sep 5.

Advances in the management of erythropoietic protoporphyria - role of afamelanotide. Lane AM, McKay JT, Bonkovsky HL. Appl Clin Genet. 2016 Dec 12;9:179-189. doi: 10.2147/TACG.S122030. eCollection 2016.

Experiences and concerns of patients with recurrent attacks of acute hepatic porphyria: A qualitative study. Naik H, Stoecker M, Sanderson SC, Balwani M, Desnick RJ. Mol Genet Metab. 2016 Nov;119(3):278-283. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Anti-TNF-α Agents. French JB, Bonacini M, Ghabril M, Foureau D, Bonkovsky HL. Drug Saf. 2016 Mar;39(3):199-208. doi: 10.1007/s40264-015-0366-9.

Protoporphyrin IX: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Sachar M, Anderson KE, Ma X. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016 Feb;356(2):267-75. doi: 10.1124/jpet.115.228130. Epub 2015 Nov 20.

The D519G Polymorphism of Glyceronephosphate O-Acyltransferase Is a Risk Factor for Familial Porphyria Cutanea Tarda. Farrell CP, Overbey JR, Naik H, Nance D, McLaren GD, McLaren CE, Zhou L, Desnick RJ, Parker CJ, Phillips JD. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 23;11(9):e0163322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163322. eCollection 2016.

The partnership of patient advocacy groups and clinical investigators in the rare diseases clinical research network. Merkel PA, Manion M, Gopal-Srivastava R, Groft S, Jinnah HA, Robertson D, Krischer JP; Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2016 May 18;11(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0445-8.

X-chromosomal inactivation directly influences the phenotypic manifestation of X-linked protoporphyria. Brancaleoni V, Balwani M, Granata F, Graziadei G, Missineo P, Fiorentino V, Fustinoni S, Cappellini MD, Naik H, Desnick RJ, Di Pierro E. Clin Genet. 2016 Jan;89(1):20-6. doi: 10.1111/cge.12562. Epub 2015 Feb 17.

A method for determining δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity in homogenized cells and tissues. Bergonia HA, Franklin MR, Kushner JP, Phillips JD. Clin Biochem. 2015 Aug;48(12):788-95. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.04.023. Epub 2015 May 8.

Acute Hepatic Porphyria. Bissell DM, Wang B. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2015 Mar;3(1):17-26. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2014.00039. Epub 2015 Mar 15.

Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. Langendonk JG, Balwani M, Anderson KE, et al. N Engl J Med. Jul 2 2015;373(1):48-59. PMID: 26132941.

Bone marrow transplant for X-linked protoporphyria with severe hepatic fibrosis. Butler DF, Ginn KF, Daniel JF, Bloomer JR, Kats A, Shreve N, Myers GD. Pediatr Transplant. 2015 Jun;19(4):E106-10. doi: 10.1111/petr.12472. Epub 2015 Apr 9.

Comparison of functional variants in IFNL4 and IFNL3 for association with HCV clearance. O'Brien TR, Pfeiffer RM, Paquin A, Lang Kuhs KA, Chen S, Bonkovsky HL, Edlin BR, Howell CD, Kirk GD, Kuniholm MH, Morgan TR, Strickler HD, Thomas DL, Prokunina-Olsson L. J Hepatol. 2015 Nov;63(5):1103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.035. Epub 2015 Jul 15.

Exome sequencing for molecular characterization of non-HFE hereditary hemochromatosis. Farrell CP, Parker CJ, Phillips JD. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2015 Aug;55(2):101-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 May 1.

Homeostasis of iron and hepcidin in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Bossi K, Lee J, Schmeltzer P, Holburton E, Groseclose G, Besur S, Hwang S, Bonkovsky HL. Eur J Clin Invest. 2015 Oct;45(10):1032-41. doi: 10.1111/eci.12503. Epub 2015 Sep 2.

Identification of the Mitochondrial Heme Metabolism Complex. Medlock AE, Shiferaw MT, Marcero JR, Vashisht AA, Wohlschlegel JA, Phillips JD, Dailey HA. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 19;10(8):e0135896. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135896. eCollection 2015.

Inducing iron deficiency improves erythropoiesis and photosensitivity in congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Egan DN, Yang Z, Phillips J, Abkowitz JL. Blood. 2015 Jul 9;126(2):257-61. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-584664. Epub 2015 May 13.

Liver Transplantation for Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Biochemical and Pathologic Studies of the Explanted Liver. Yasuda M, Erwin AL, Liu LU, Balwani M, Chen B, Kadirvel S, Gan L, Fiel MI, Gordon RE, Yu C, Clavero S, Arvelakis A, Naik H, Martin LD, Phillips JD, Anderson KE, Sadagoparamanujam VM, Florman SS, Desnick RJ. Mol Med. 2015 Jun 5;21(1):487-95. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00099.

Noncanonical coproporphyrin-dependent bacterial heme biosynthesis pathway that does not use protoporphyrin. Dailey HA, Gerdes S, Dailey TA, Burch JS, Phillips JD. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 17;112(7):2210-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1416285112. Epub 2015 Feb 2.

Pitfalls in Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Measurement for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Protoporphyrias. Gou EW, Balwani M, Bissell DM, Bloomer JR, Bonkovsky HL, Desnick RJ, Naik H, Phillips JD, Singal AK, Wang B, Keel S, Anderson KE. Clin Chem. 2015 Dec;61(12):1453-6. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.245456. Epub 2015 Oct 19.

Porphyria Diagnostics-Part 1: A Brief Overview of the Porphyrias. Ramanujam VS, Anderson KE. Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2015 Jul 1;86:17.20.1-17.20.26. doi: 10.1002/0471142905.hg1720s86.

Recent insights into the biological functions of liver fatty acid binding protein 1. Wang G, Bonkovsky HL, de Lemos A, Burczynski FJ. J Lipid Res. 2015 Dec;56(12):2238-47. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R056705. Epub 2015 Oct 6.

Role of delta-aminolevulinic acid in the symptoms of acute porphyria. Bissell DM, Lai JC, Meister RK, Blanc PD. Am J Med. 2015 Mar;128(3):313-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.026. Epub 2014 Nov 8.

Acute porphyrias in the USA: features of 108 subjects from porphyrias consortium. Bonkovsky HL, Maddukuri VC, Yazici C, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Bloomer JR, Phillips JD, Naik H, Peter I, Baillargeon G, Bossi K, Gandolfo L, Light C, Bishop D, Desnick RJ. Am J Med. 2014 Dec;127(12):1233-41. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.06.036. Epub 2014 Jul 10.

Clinically important features of porphyrin and heme metabolism and the porphyrias. Besur S, Hou W, Schmeltzer P, Bonkovsky HL. Metabolites. 2014 Nov 3;4(4):977-1006. doi: 10.3390/metabo4040977.

Liver transplantation in the management of porphyria. Singal AK, Parker C, Bowden C, Thapar M, Liu L, McGuire BM. Hepatology. 2014 Sep;60(3):1082-9. doi: 10.1002/hep.27086. Epub 2014 Jul 29.

RNAi-mediated silencing of hepatic Alas1 effectively prevents and treats the induced acute attacks in acute intermittent porphyria mice. Yasuda M, Gan L, Chen B, Kadirvel S, Yu C, Phillips JD, New MI, Liebow A, Fitzgerald K, Querbes W, Desnick RJ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 27;111(21):7777-82. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406228111. Epub 2014 May 12.

TMEM14C is required for erythroid mitochondrial heme metabolism. Yien YY, Robledo RF, Schultz IJ, Takahashi-Makise N, Gwynn B, Bauer DE, Dass A, Yi G, Li L, Hildick-Smith GJ, Cooney JD, Pierce EL, Mohler K, Dailey TA, Miyata N, Kingsley PD, Garone C, Hattangadi SM, Huang H, Chen W, Keenan EM, Shah DI, Schlaeger TM, DiMauro S, Orkin SH, Cantor AB, Palis J, Koehler CM, Lodish HF, Kaplan J, Ward DM, Dailey HA, Phillips JD, Peters LL, Paw BH. J Clin Invest. 2014 Oct;124(10):4294-304. doi: 10.1172/JCI76979. Epub 2014 Aug 26.

A Combined Clinical Index for the Diagnosis of Acute Porphyria. Wang B, Bissell D, Lai J, Cimino T, Porphyrias Consortium. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Identification of 19 Novel Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase Mutations and Functional Characterization of Four Novel Missense Mutations. Ludtke A, Yasuda M, Gan L, et al. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Identification of 23 Novel Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase Mutations and Functional Characterization of Six Novel Missense Mutations. Ludtke A, Yasuda M, Lin G, et al. ACMG Annual Clinical Genetics Meeting. Phoenix, AZ2013.

Acute intermittent porphyria [AIP] in the United States: features of the first 82 cases enrolled in the longitudinal study of the porphyria consortium [PC]. Maddukuri V, Yazici C, Anderson K, et al. Maddukuri V, Yazici C, Anderson K, et al. Acute intermittent porphyria [AIP] in the United States: features of the first 82 cases enrolled in the longitudinal study of the porphyria consortium [PC]. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Circadian rhythms in acute intermittent porphyria--a pilot study. Larion S, Caballes FR, Hwang SI, Lee JG, Rossman WE, Parsons J, Steuerwald N, Li T, Maddukuri V, Groseclose G, Finkielstein CV, Bonkovsky HL. Eur J Clin Invest. 2013 Jul;43(7):727-39. doi: 10.1111/eci.12102. Epub 2013 May 8.

Circadian rhythms in acute intermittent porphyria—a pilot study. Larion S, Caballes F, Hwang S, et al. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria. Erwin A, Balwani M, Desnick RJ. In: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Bird TD, et al., eds. GeneReviews(R). Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. PMID: 24027798.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Mittal S, Anderson KE. In: Rose BD, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2013.

Diagnosis of feline acute intermittent porphyria presenting with erythrodontia requires molecular analyses. Clavero S, Ahuja Y, Bishop DF, Kwait B, Haskins ME, Giger U, Desnick RJ. Vet J. 2013 Dec;198(3):720-2. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.008. Epub 2013 Oct 10.

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria in the United States: Results from the Longitudinal Study of the NIH/RDCRN Porphyrias Consortium. Balwani M, Naik H, Peter I, et al. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Experience with a Pilot Skype Internet Support Group for Symptomatic Patients with Acute Intermittent Porphyria. Naik H, Balwani M, Doheny D, Liu L, Desnick R. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

First US Orthotopic Liver Transplant for Intractable Acute Intermittent Porphyria. Ludtke A, Yasuda M, Balwani M, et al. The American Society of Human Genetics 63rd Annual Meeting. Boston, MA2013.

Frequency of Porphyria Testing in a National Health Care Database. Gou E, Singh A, Pierson K, Wilkinson G, Anderson K. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Heme status affects human hepatic messenger RNA and microRNA expression. Bonkovsky HL, Hou W, Steuerwald N, et al. World J Gastroenterol. Mar 14 2013;19(10):1593-1601. PMID: 23538684, PMCID: PMC3602476.

Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria. Liu LU, Phillips J, Bonkovsky H. In: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Bird TD, et al., eds. GeneReviews(R). Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. PMID: 24175354.

Hereditary coproporphyria [HCP] and variegate porphyria [VP] in the United States: Initial results from the longitudinal study of the porphyria consortium [PC]. Yazici C, Maddukuri V, Anderson K, et al. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Loss-of-function ferrochelatase and gain-of-function erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase mutations causing erythropoietic protoporphyria and x-linked protoporphyria in North American patients reveal novel mutations and a high prevalence of X-linked protoporphyria. Balwani M, Doheny D, Bishop DF, Nazarenko I, Yasuda M, Dailey HA, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Bloomer J, Bonkovsky HL, Phillips JD, Liu L, Desnick RJ; Porphyrias Consortium of the National Institutes of Health Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. Mol Med. 2013 Apr 30;19(1):26-35. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00340.

Low-dose hydroxychloroquine to treat or prevent relapse of porphyria cutanea tarda during hepatitis C treatment. Singal A, Jampana S, Kormos-Hallberg C, Anderson K. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Metabolic Analysis in Transgenic Mouse Models of Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP). Mittal S, Yasuda M, Desnick R, Anderson K. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Molecular expression and characterization of erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase gain-of-function mutations causing X-linked protoporphyria. Bishop DF, Tchaikovskii V, Nazarenko I, Desnick RJ. Mol Med. 2013 Mar 5;19(1):18-25. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00003.

Mutation analysis of 155 North American Patients with Erythropoietic Protoporphyria reveals novel Ferrochelatase Mutations and a high prevalence of X-Linked Protoporphyria due to previous and novel 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase 2 mutations. Balwani M, Bishop D, Nazarenko I, et al. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, Type II. Liu LU, Phillips J, Bonkovsky H. In: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Bird TD, et al., eds. GeneReviews(R). Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. PMID: 23741761.

Porphyria studies in Cyp1A2-/- and wild type mice suggest that heme regulation of ALA-synthase transcription and mitochondrial membrane translocation can be separated based on heme supply-and-demand. Phillips J, Warby C, Bergonia H, Marcero J, Parker C, Franklin M. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Porphyrin and Heme Metabolism and the Porphyrias. Bonkovsky HL, Guo J-T, Hou W, Li T, Narang T, Thapar M. Comprehensive Physiology: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013:365-401.

Relapse of porphyria cutanea tarda after achieving remission with phlebotomy or low dose hydroxychloroquine. Singal A, Gou E, Albuerne M, Kormos-Hallberg C, Anderson K. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

Risk factors for porphyria cutanea tarda -the iron/HFE connection. Bonkovsky HL. Liver Int. Jan 2013;33(1):162. PMID: 23121614.

Synthase Gain-of-Function Mutations Causing X-Linked Protoporphyria. Bishop D, Tchaikovskii V, Nazarenko I, Desnick R. Paper presented at: Annual Assembly of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry & International Congress of Porphyrins and Porphyrias; May 16-18, 2013; Lucerne, Switzerland.

The Porphyrias. Gou E, Anderson K. In: Hamblin M, Huang Y, eds. Handbook of Photomedicine. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis; 2013.

Variegate Porphyria. Anderson KE, Singal AK. GeneReviews. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993.

X-Linked Protoporphyria. Balwani M, Bloomer J, Desnick R. In: Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, eds. GeneReviews. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. PMID: 23409301.

ABCB6 mutations cause ocular coloboma. Wang L, He F, Bu J, Zhen Y, Liu X, Du W, Dong J, Cooney JD, Dubey SK, Shi Y, Gong B, Li J, McBride PF, Jia Y, Lu F, Soltis KA, Lin Y, Namburi P, Liang C, Sundaresan P, Paw BH, Li W, Li DY, Phillips JD, Yang Z. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Jan 13;90(1):40-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.026. Epub 2012 Jan 5.

Disorders of heme biosynthesis In: J-M S, Van den Berghe G, Walter JH, eds. Lourenco CM, Lee C, Anderson KE. In: J-M S, Van den Berghe G, Walter JH, eds. Inborn Metabolic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. 5th ed. Berlin: Springer- Verlag; 2012:519-532.

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria, Autosomal Recessive. Balwani M, Bloomer J, Desnick R. In: Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, eds. GeneReviews. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. PMID: 23016163.

Hepatitis C, porphyria cutanea tarda and liver iron: an update. Ryan Caballes F, Sendi H, Bonkovsky HL. Liver Int. 2012 Jul;32(6):880-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02794.x. Epub 2012 Apr 17.

Hereditary Coproporphyria. Bissell DM, Wang B, Cimino T, Lai J. In: Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, eds. GeneReviews. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. PMID: 23236641.

Low-dose hydroxychloroquine is as effective as phlebotomy in treatment of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Singal AK, Kormos-Hallberg C, Lee C, Sadagoparamanujam VM, Grady JJ, Freeman DH Jr, Anderson KE. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Dec;10(12):1402-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.08.038. Epub 2012 Sep 14.

Porphyrias: prevalence and frequency of testing in a national health care database. Singh A, Pierson K, Wilkinson G, Anderson K. Paper presented at: Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD); November 9-13, 2012; Boston, MA.

Side chain modification during heme biosynthesis. Phillips JD. In: Kadish KM, Smith KM, Guilard R, eds. Handbook of Porphyrin Science. Vol 16: World Scientific Publishing Company; 2012:283- 337.

The Porphyrias: Cardinal Signs and Diagnosis/Treatment. Desnick RJ. Desnick RJ. The Porphyrias: Cardinal Signs and Diagnosis/Treatment. Paper presented at: American College of Medical Genetics Annual Clinical Genetics Meeting; March 31, 2012; Charlotte, NC.

The porphyrias. Anderson KE. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:1363-1371.

The porphyrias: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Balwani M, Desnick RJ. Blood. 2012 Nov 29;120(23):4496-504. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-423186. Epub 2012 Jul 12.

The porphyrias: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Balwani M, Desnick RJ. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012;2012:19-27. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.19.

A LC-MS/MS method for the specific, sensitive, and simultaneous quantification of 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen. Zhang J, Yasuda M, Desnick RJ, Balwani M, Bishop D, Yu C. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Aug 15;879(24):2389-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.034. Epub 2011 Jul 6.

Abnormal mitoferrin-1 expression in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Wang Y, Langer NB, Shaw GC, Yang G, Li L, Kaplan J, Paw BH, Bloomer JR. Exp Hematol. 2011 Jul;39(7):784-94. doi: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.05.003. Epub 2011 May 11.

CYP1A2*1F and GSTM1 alleles are associated with susceptibility to porphyria cutanea tarda. Wickliffe JK, Abdel-Rahman SZ, Lee C, Kormos-Hallberg C, Sood G, Rondelli CM, Grady JJ, Desnick RJ, Anderson KE. Mol Med. 2011 Mar-Apr;17(3-4):241-7. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00130. Epub 2010 Oct 15. Anderson K. CYP1A2*1F and GSTM1 Alleles Are Associated with Susceptibility to Porphyria Cutanea Tarda. Poster presented at: International Porphyrins & Porphyrias Meeting; April 2011; Cardiff, Wales.

Anderson K. CYP1A2*1F and GSTM1 Alleles Are Associated with Susceptibility to Porphyria Cutanea Tarda. Poster presented at: International Porphyrins & Porphyrias Meeting; April 2011; Cardiff, Wales.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: characterization of murine models of the severe common (C73R/C73R) and later-onset genotypes. Bishop DF, Clavero S, Mohandas N, Desnick RJ. Mol Med. 2011;17(7-8):748-56. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00258. Epub 2011 Feb 25.

Discovery of a gene involved in a third bacterial protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity through comparative genomic analysis and functional complementation. Boynton TO, Gerdes S, Craven SH, Neidle EL, Phillips JD, Dailey HA. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jul;77(14):4795-801. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00171-11. Epub 2011 Jun 3.

Effects of a single dose of oral iron on hepcidin concentrations in human urine and serum analyzed by a robust LC-MS/MS method. Hwang SI, Lee YY, Park JO, Norton HJ, Clemens E, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Nov 20;412(23-24):2241-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.08.014. Epub 2011 Aug 16.

Erythropoietic Protoporphyrias: Frequency of Mutations in the Ferrochelatase Gene Causing Autosomal Recessive Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and Mutations in the 5’-Aminolevulinate Synthase 2 Gene Causing X-Linked Protoporphyria (Abstract #1338T). Doheny D, Nazarenko I, Balwani M, Liu L, Naik H, Anderson K, Bissell DM, Bloomer JR, Bonkovsky HL, Kushner JP, Phillips J, Bishop D, Desnick RJ. Paper presented at: 12th International Congress of Human Genetics/61st Annual Meeting of The American Society of Human Genetics; October 14, 2011; Montreal, Canada.

Erythropoietic porphyria. Mittal S, Anderson KE. In: Rose BD, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2011.

Expression and characterization of the ALAS2 carboxy-terminal gain-of-function mutations causing X-linked protoporphyria (Abstract #1157F). Bishop D, Tchaikovskii V, Nazarenko I, Balwani M, Doheny D, Desnick RJ. Paper presented at: 12th International Congress of Human Genetics/61st Annual Meeting of The American Society of Human Genetics; October 14, 2011; Montreal, Canada.

Gaucher disease with foamy transformed macrophages and erythrophagocytic activity. Machaczka M, Klimkowska M, Regenthal S, Hägglund H. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Feb;34(1):233-5. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9241-0. Epub 2010 Nov 27.

Gaucher disease: when molecular testing and clinical presentation disagree -the novel c.1226A>G(p.N370S)--RecNcil allele. Balwani M, Grace ME, Desnick RJ. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Jun;34(3):789-93. doi: 10.1007/s10545-011-9307-7. Epub 2011 Mar 23.

Harderoporphyria due to homozygosity for coproporphyrinogen oxidase missense mutation H327R. Hasanoglu A, Balwani M, Kasapkara CS, Ezgü FS, Okur I, Tümer L, Cakmak A, Nazarenko I, Yu C, Clavero S, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Feb;34(1):225-31. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9237-9. Epub 2010 Nov 20.

Heme markedly up-regulates RNA- binding motif protein 24 gene expression in human hepatocytes. Tian Q, Hou W, Steuerwald NM, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. Abstract #895 presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2011;54(S1):780A.

[Abstract #895 presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases]

Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria due to a novel mutation in the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene. To-Figueras J, Phillips JD, Gonzalez-López JM, Badenas C, Madrigal I, González-Romarís EM, Ramos C, Aguirre JM, Herrero C. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Sep;165(3):499-505. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10453.x. Epub 2011 Aug 18.

LONP1-dependent breakdown of mitochondrial 5-aminolevulinicacid synthase protein by heme in human liver cells. Tian Q, Hou W, Zheng J, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. Abstract #904 presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2011;54(S1):785A.

[Abstract #904 presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases]

Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1)-dependent breakdown of mitochondrial 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase protein by heme in human liver cells. Tian Q, Li T, Hou W, Zheng J, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 29;286(30):26424-30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.215772. Epub 2011 Jun 9.

Molecular basis of two novel mutations found in type I methemoglobinemia. Lorenzo FRt, Phillips JD, Nussenzveig R, Lingam B, Koul PA, Schrier SL, Prchal JT. Blood Cells Mol Dis. Apr 15 2011;46(4):277-281. PMCID: PMC3075332.

Overview of RDCRN and Porphyrias Consortium Activities. Desnick RJ. Paper presented at: AASLD Annual Meeting; November 6, 2011; San Francisco, CA.

PTF Experience from the Trainee Perspective. Wang B. Paper presented at: AASLD Annual Meeting; November 6, 2011; San Francisco, CA.

Sampangine inhibits heme biosynthesis in both yeast and human. Huang Z, Chen K, Xu T, Zhang J, Li Y, Li W, Agarwal AK, Clark AM, Phillips JD, Pan X. Eukaryot Cell. 2011 Nov;10(11):1536-44. doi: 10.1128/EC.05170-11. Epub 2011 Sep 9.

Structural analysis of heme proteins: implications for design and prediction. Li T, Bonkovsky HL, Guo JT. BMC Struct Biol. 2011 Mar 3;11:13. doi: 10.1186/1472-6807-11-13.

Targeted deletion of the mouse Mitoferrin1 gene: from anemia to protoporphyria. Troadec MB, Warner D, Wallace J, Thomas K, Spangrude GJ, Phillips J, Khalimonchuk O, Paw BH, Ward DM, Kaplan J. Blood. 2011 May 19;117(20):5494-502. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-319483. Epub 2011 Feb 10.

The Escherichia coli protein YfeX functions as a porphyrinogen oxidase, not a heme dechelatase. Dailey HA, Septer AN, Daugherty L, Thames D, Gerdes S, Stabb EV, Dunn AK, Dailey TA, Phillips JD. mBio. 2011 Nov 8;2(6):e00248-11. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00248-11. Print 2011.

The Porphyrias. Phillips JD, Anderson K. In: Lichtman MA, Kaushansky K, Kipps TJ, Prchal JT, Levi MM, eds. Williams Manual of Hematology. 8th ed: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2011.

The cutaneous porphyrias. Anderson K. Paper presented at: AASLD Annual Meeting; November 6, 2011; San Francisco, CA.

The measurement of hepcidin from human urine and serum to study effects of a single dose of oral iron by an optimized LC-MS/MS method. Hwang SI, Lee YY, Park JO, Norton HJ, Clemens E, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. Hepatology. 2011;54(S1):931A. Abstract #1204 presented at Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

[Abstract #1204 presented at Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases]

The porphyrias. Anderson K, Lee C, Balwani M, Desnick R. In: Kliegman R, Stanton B, St. Geme J, Schor N, Behrman R, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2011.

Uroporphyria in the Cyp1a2-/- mouse. Phillips JD, Kushner JP, Bergonia HA, Franklin MR. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2011 Dec 15;47(4):249-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.07.006. Epub 2011 Aug 30.

Zinc protoporphyrin, a novel endogenous HCV NS3-4A protease inhibitor, displays anti-viral activity. Hou W, Tian Q, Lu QL, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. Presidential Poster of Distinction, presented at Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases]. Hepatology. 2011;54(S1):128A-359A.

[Abstract #926 Presidential Poster of Distinction, presented at Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases]

microRNAs: fad or future of liver disease. Lakner AM, Bonkovsky HL, Schrum LW. World J Gastroenterol. May 28 2011;17(20):2536-2542. PMCID: PMC3103811.

AAV8-mediated gene therapy prevents induced biochemical attacks of acute intermittent porphyria and improves neuromotor function. Yasuda M, Bishop DF, Fowkes M, Cheng SH, Gan L, Desnick RJ. Mol Ther. 2010 Jan;18(1):17-22. doi: 10.1038/mt.2009.250. Epub 2009 Oct 27.

Acute intermittent porphyria. Sood G, Anderson KE. Acute intermittent porphyria. In: Rose BD, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2010.

Associations among behavior-related susceptibility factors in porphyria cutanea tarda. Jalil S, Grady JJ, Lee C, Anderson KE. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Mar 2010;8(3):297-302, 302 e291. PMCID: PMC2834813

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria. Sood G, Anderson K. In: Rose B, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2010.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: a novel uroporphyrinogen III synthase branchpoint mutation reveals underlying wild-type alternatively spliced transcripts. Bishop DF, Schneider-Yin X, Clavero S, Yoo HW, Minder EI, Desnick RJ. Blood. 2010 Feb 4;115(5):1062-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-218016. Epub 2009 Nov 24.

Feline acute intermittent porphyria: a phenocopy masquerading as an erythropoietic porphyria due to dominant and recessive hydroxymethylbilane synthase mutations. Clavero S, Bishop DF, Haskins ME, Giger U, Kauppinen R, Desnick RJ. Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Feb 15;19(4):584-96. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddp525. Epub 2009 Nov 24.

Feline congenital erythropoietic porphyria: two homozygous UROS missense mutations cause the enzyme deficiency and porphyrin accumulation. Clavero S, Bishop DF, Giger U, Haskins ME, Desnick RJ. Mol Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;16(9-10):381-8. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00038. Epub 2010 May 12.

Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria misdiagnosed as child abuse: cutaneous, arthritic, and hematologic manifestations in siblings with a novel UROD mutation. Cantatore-Francis JL, Cohen-Pfeffer J, Balwani M, Kahn P, Lazarus HM, Desnick RJ, Schaffer JV. Arch Dermatol. 2010 May;146(5):529-33. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.89.

Management of acute intermittent porphyria. Sood G, Anderson K. In: Rose B, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2010.

Managing acute porphyrias: practice considerations in inpatient and outpatient settings. Bloomer JR. Medscape Education Gastroenterology. 2010. http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/730948. Accessed February 28, 2013.

Porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. Singal A, Anderson KE. In: Rose BD, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2010.

Porphyria, ALA-D. Bloomer JR. Rare Disease Database. 2010; http://www.rarediseases.org/rare-disease- information/rare-diseases/byID/324/viewAbstract. Accessed February 29, 2013.

Porphyria, variegate. Anderson KE. Rare Disease Database. 2010; http://www.rarediseases.org/rare-disease- information/rare-diseases/byID/324/viewAbstract. Accessed April 4, 2014.

Porphyria-an overview. Anderson KE. In: Rose BD, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2010.

Severe radiation therapy-related soft tissue toxicity in a patient with porphyria cutanea tarda: a literature review. Gunn GB, Anderson KE, Patel AJ, Gallegos J, Hallberg CK, Sood G, Hatch SS, Sanguineti G. Head Neck. 2010 Aug;32(8):1112-7. doi: 10.1002/hed.21161.

The Porphyrias. Phillips JD, Anderson KE. In: Kaushansky K, Buetler E, Seligsohn U, Lichtman MA, Kipps TJ, Prchal JT, eds. Williams Hematology. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2010:839-863.

Time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the ferroportin-hepcidin binding domain complex for accurate mass confirmation of bioactive hepcidin 25. Crockett DK, Kushnir MM, Phillips JD, Rockwood AL. Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Mar;411(5-6):453-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.11.031. Epub 2009 Dec 3.

Variegate porphyria. Singal A, Anderson KE. In: Rose BD, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2010.

Zinc mesoporphyrin induces rapid proteasomal degradation of hepatitis C nonstructural 5A protein in human hepatoma cells. Hou W, Tian Q, Zheng J, Bonkovsky HL. Gastroenterology. 2010 May;138(5):1909-19. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.001. Epub 2009 Nov 10.

Identification and characterization of novel uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene mutations in a large series of porphyria cutanea tarda patients and relatives. Badenas C, To-Figueras J, Phillips JD, Warby CA, Muñoz C, Herrero C. Clin Genet. 2009 Apr;75(4):346-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01153.x.

Acute intermittent porphyria. Anderson K, Sood G. Anderson K, Sood G. Acute intermittent porphyria. Best Practice. London, UK: BMJ Publishing Group; 2008.

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda. Sood G, Anderson K. Best Practice. London, UK: BMJ Publishing Group; 2008.

Porphyrias. Sood G, Anderson K. In: Crowther M, Ginsberg J, Schunemann H, Meyer R, Lottenberg R, eds. Evidence-Based Hematology. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008:229-237.

The Porphyrias. Phillips JD, Kushner JP. In: Orkin SH, Nathan DG, Ginsburg D, Look AT, Fisher DE, Lux SE, eds. Nathan and Oski's Hematology of Infancy and Childhood. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders 2008.